示波极谱中和指示剂的原理(Ⅰ)——苯胺与荧光素钠

示波极谱滴定所用的中和滴定指示剂,其终点的pH值变化范围为普通中和指示剂的十分之一,可用于水溶液中极弱酸(碱)的直接滴定,非常有用.但示波中和指示剂切口变化的机理没有研究过,本文研究了示波中和指示剂荧光素钠和苯胺随pH的变化,以及其切口产生或消失的机理.     

碳酸二甲酯和苯胺胺解反应产物的液相色谱分析

采用气-质联用仪对碳酸二甲酯和苯胺胺解反应合成苯氨基甲酸甲酯的反应体系的副产物N,N-二甲基苯胺进行定性分析,并提出了该反应体系主、副产物的液相色谱的分析方法,以硝基苯为内标物,实现了苯胺、苯氨基甲酸甲酯、N-甲基苯胺、二苯脲及N,N-二甲基苯胺的定量分析,实验结果表明,在一定浓度下,这5种组分与峰高线性良好,回收率在97．8％～102．7％,相对标准偏差小于2．01％。     

功率超声在废水处理中的应用

采用不同强度和频率的超声波，对几种生物难降解的有毒污染物（苯胺，硝基苯）废水进行超声处理，实验表明，降解效果主要取决于超声波在反应液中的声强及处理时间，同时，若辅以通氧气或加入催化剂，处理效果更好，这就为设计相应的超声废水处理设备提供了实验基础。     

镍-钒催化剂作用下由苯直接氧化氨化合成苯胺

设计并制备了Ni-V/γ-Al2O3催化剂, 研究了其上苯用过氧化氢氧化氨化一步直接合成苯胺的性能和不同氨基源对合成苯胺的影响. 实验结果显示：在本文条件下, Ni/γ-Al2O3和V/γ-Al2O3催化剂均能活化苯环上C—H键, 使苯一步氧化羟基化为苯酚. Ni、V双组分催化剂则表现出较好的合成苯胺活性和选择性, 催化剂中Ni/V摩尔比在5.5时催化活性和选择性最好,目标产物苯胺的选择性达到85％, 远远高于主要副产物苯酚的选择性. 反应时间宜控制在2 h左右, 反应最佳温度为333 K. 尿素在碱性条件下可作为氨基化试剂, 在Ni-V/γ-Al2O3催化剂作用下使苯直接氧化氨化为苯胺, 尿素和氨水作为共氨化剂表现出对生成苯胺有利的协同效应.     

聚(苯胺-co-邻氨基酚)修饰玻碳电极的制备及其对抗坏血酸的电化学氧化

研究了苯胺(AN)与邻氨基酚(OAP)在玻碳电极表面的电化学共聚,由此制备了AN与OAP共聚物膜修饰的玻碳电极(PAN-OAP/GCE/CME),并研究了该电极的电化学行为及其对抗坏血酸(AA)的电催化氧化。研究表明:AN与OAP的共聚速率随溶液中OAP浓度的增大而减小。当OAP与AN的浓度比>1∶10时,聚合行为相似;在其浓度比为1∶10时得到的共聚膜具有较好的电化学活性。由此可在0.1mol/L磷酸缓冲溶液(PBS,pH6.8)中对AA进行电催化氧化。在PAN-OAP/GCE/CME上其氧化峰电位位于0.21V,比在裸玻碳电极上(0.53V)降低了0.32V。该共聚物膜在中性溶液中显示出较好的电化学活性,为生物样本中AA的测定提供了条件。AA在修饰电极上的响应电流与其浓度在0.05~16.5mmol/L范围内呈线性关系,r=0.9998。采用计时电流法对AA催化氧化的扩散系数和催化速率常数进行了研究。     

2,3—二甲基吡嗪合成工艺的改进

报道了以丁二酮和乙二胺为原料，对液相合成２，３－二甲基吡嗪的方法进行了改进，考察了反应温度，溶剂用量和脱氢剂等对反应影响，确定了合成２，３－二甲基吡嗪的优化条件为，丁二酮：乙二胺（摩尔比）＝１：１．０５；丁二酮：溶剂无水乙醇（体积比）＝１：１０，缩合反应温度：－５℃，时间：１ｈ，脱氢剂：ＤＨＫＭ－１２，脱氢温度：８０～８５℃，时间：１ｈ２，３－二甲基吡嗪的产率按投料丁二酮设计达６５％。     

改性蜂窝煤渣的吸附性能及机理研究

用三乙醇胺(TEA)、溴化十八烷基三甲胺(OTMAB)、溴化十六烷基三甲胺(CTMAB)、溴化十二烷基三甲胺(DTMAB)改性蜂窝煤渣，研究了改性蜂窝煤渣吸附水中苯胺、硝基苯、萘的适宜条件、性能及机理．结果表明，改性蜂窝煤渣有机碳含量、吸附性能及作用机理与改性时所用的改性剂有关．     

A NEW APPROACH TO ELECTROACTIVE POLYMERS VIA WELL-DEFINED OLIGOMERRS WITH FURTHER POLYMERIZABLE END-GROUPS

Among the inherent drawbacks of conducting polymers are the limited processibility, uneven polydispersity inmolecular weigh and the existence of structure defects, which become the obstacles for many electronic, optical andbiological applications that demand the materials to have well-defined structures and high chemical purity. To solve theseproblems, our research in the last decade or so has focused on the synthesis of electroactive oligomers of well-definedstructures, controllable molecular weighs, narrow or uniform polydispersity. We have developed a general strategy for thesynthesis of such oligomers based on the theory of non-classical or reactivation chain polymerization. The aniline oligomerswith minimum 4 nitrogen atoms and 3 phenylene rings exhibit similar characteristic redox behavior and electroactivity aspolyaniline. Electronic conductivity of the oligomers of 7 or 8 aniline units approaches that of polyaniline. Solubility of theoligomers is much improved over that of conventional polyaniline. Various functional groups can be introduced into theoligomers either by proper selection of starting materials or by post-synthesis modifications via common organic reactions.The functionalized oligomers undergo further polymerizations to afford a variety of new electroactive materials, includingpolyamides, polyimides, polyureas, polyurethanes, polyacrylamides and epoxy polymers. Numerous potential applications,particularly as anticorrosion materials, are discussed for the oligomers and their polymeric derivatives.     

The reaction of 2-fluoroalkyl-1-iodoethylenes with arylamines: a facile method for the synthesis of fluoroalkylated quinolines and enaminoketones

The reaction of 2-fluoroalkyl-1-iodoethylenes with arylamines (1) and the subsequent acid promoted transformation of the products were described. In the presence of ZnCl₂ and triethylamine, 1 reacted readily with various p-substituted anilines in HMPA under a vacuum of 60-70 mmHg to give the corresponding enaminoaldehydes (2) as a mixture of E- and Z-isomers. Cyclization of 2, without further purification in refluxing toluene, catalyzed by strong acids such as p-toluene sulfonic acid and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid gave 2-fluoroalkylquinolines (3) in good yields, while fluoroalkylated enaminoketones (4) were obtained predominantly when 2 was treated with acids in aqueous THF solution. A possible mechanism was proposed for the formation of 3 and 4.