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71.
Günter Eichberger Herfried Griengl Willibald Paar 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》1986,117(4):545-551
Reaction of 3-methyl-1,3-oxazolidine with phthalic anhydride in chloroform leads to ring opening and higher oligomers2 are formed. These are cleaved by addition of protic solvents and 2-methylaminoethyl hydrogenphthalate3 a is obtained. Other 1,3-oxazolidines and succinic anhydride behave similarly.
Herrn Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c.Karl Kratzl mit den besten Wünschen zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet. 相似文献
72.
73.
74.
Komy ZR 《Journal of colloid and interface science》2004,270(2):281-287
A fundamental study of the application of cumin biomass in the recovery of Cu and Zn metal ion uptake from food and drinks is carried out at different pH's and at fixed ionic strength. The chemical characteristics of protein in cumin seeds were investigated. Results showed that cumin contains 18.25% crude protein, which includes 18 amino acids. The main reactive groups on protein cumin are amino and carboxylic groups of dicarboxylic amino acids, leading to a pH-dependent charge. Therefore, the cumin surface is considered as a heterogeneous system. To describe protonation behavior in a heterogeneous cumin biomass (cumin/0.1 M NaNO(3)) system, acid-base titrations have been performed with conductometric and potentiometric titration. Measurement of the reactivity of cumin surface in the adsorption of Cu and Zn metal ions and determination of metal binding at different pH's were also carried out. To solve broad and ill-defined titration curves, a simplified version of nonideal competitive analysis (NICA) by Plette et al.) was applied. The results show that the sorption of the bivalent metal ions onto the whole surface of cumin could be attributed to a monodentate binding to one site mainly carboxylic-type site. 相似文献
75.
L. Malherbe 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2002,7(5):189-194
Human health risk assessment is a site-based approach used to identify the potential health hazards which are induced by an
old site contamination. For a proper evaluation of the daily doses of contaminants to which people will be exposed given the
future occupation of the site, both a characterization and a quantification of soil pollution are needed. Such information
can be provided by soil sampling. Thus the choice of the location, the number, depth and type of soil samples is very important
and ought to follow a well-defined strategy. A review of contaminated site sampling practices in Europe and North America
could not identify any completely formalized sampling strategy for human health risk assessment. On the contrary there are
several approaches which can be roughly classified into two categories: a systematic sampling scheme over the whole site,
on the one hand, and a sampling design driven by an initial knowledge of the contamination sources and fitted to the suspected
pollution pattern, on the other. The first approach provides a complete coverage of the site but it may be rather expensive
and entail useless sampling. The performance of the second depends on the quality of prior information. Actually both methods
can be combined as explained hereafter. In view of the specificity of each site, the requirements of health risk assessment
and the time and cost constraints, it seems difficult to work out a typical soil sampling strategy suitable for all sites.
However, some recommendations can be made according to the site dimensions, the nature, degree and heterogeneity of contamination,
and the (future) use of the site. The scientist should thus rely on a thorough examination of all available information (site
history, geology and hydrogeology, soil properties, contaminants behaviour , etc.) to delimit contaminated areas as homogeneous
as possible and then distribute the sampling points (e.g.using a sampling grid). They should also take the potential exposure
paths into account in order to define the areas and soil strata to be sampled as a priority. Statistical and geostatistical
tools can be helpful for formulating a sampling strategy as well as for interpreting the collected data.
Received: 7 December 2001 Accepted: 24 February 2002 相似文献
76.
《Arabian Journal of Chemistry》2020,13(1):1198-1228
Vanadate and vanadium compounds exist in many environmental, biological and clinical matrices, and despite the need only limited progress has been made on the analysis of vanadium compounds. The vanadium coordination chemistry of different oxidation states is known, and the result of the characterization and speciation analysis depends on the subsequent chemistry and the methods of analysis. Many studies have used a range of methods for the characterization and determination of metal ions in a variety of materials. One successful technique is high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) that has been used mainly for measuring total vanadium level and metal speciation. Some cases have been reported where complexes of different oxidation states of vanadium have been separated by HPLC. Specifically reversed phase (RP) HPLC has frequently been used for the measurement of vanadium. Other HPLC methods such as normal phase, anion-exchange, cation-exchange, size exclusion and other RP-HPLC modes such as, ion-pair and micellar have been used to separate selected vanadium compounds. We will present a review that summarizes and critically analyzes the reported methods for analysis of vanadium salts and vanadium compounds in different sample matrices. We will compare various HPLC methods and modes including sample preparation, chelating reagents, mobile phase and detection methods. The comparison will allow us to identify the best analytical HPLC method and mode for measuring vanadium levels and what information such methods provide with regard to speciation and quantitation of the vanadium compounds. 相似文献
77.
Preparation and Crystal Structure of the Pnictide Oxides Na2Ti2As2O and Na2Ti2Sb2O Na2Ti2As2O and Na2Ti2Sb2O were synthesized in form of very easily hydrolysed metallic-grey powders by reaction of Na2O and TiAs resp. TiSb in sealed tantalum tubes under argon. The tetrahedral bodycentered crystallizing compounds from a modified anti-K2NiF4 structure type [1] (also called Eu4As2O-type [2,3]), space group I4/mmm (no. 139), with the lattice constants for Na2Ti2As2O: a = 407.0(2) pm, c = 1528.8(4) pm and for Na2Ti2Sb2O: a = 414.4(0) pm, c = 1656.1(1) pm. Magnetic measurements of powder samples of Na2Ti2Sb2O show antiferromagnetic interaction within the Ti—O-layers. Superconductivity was not found by ac-shielding method down to 4 K. 相似文献
78.
O. I. Arillo-Flores M. F. Ruiz-López M. I. Bernal-Uruchurtu 《Theoretical chemistry accounts》2007,118(2):425-435
We discuss the failure of commonly used AM1 and PM3 semiempirical methods to correctly describe acid dissociation. We focus
our analysis on HCl because of its physicochemical importance and its relevance in atmospheric chemistry. The structure of
non-dissociated and dissociated HCl – (H2O)
n
clusters is accounted for. The very bad results obtained with PM3 (and also with AM1) are related to large errors in gas-phase
proton affinity of water and gas-phase acidity of HCl. Indeed, estimation of pKa values shows that neither AM1 nor PM3 are able to predict HCl dissociation in liquid water since HCl is found to be a weaker
acid than H3O+. We have proposed in previous works a modified PM3 approach (PM3-MAIS) adapted to intermolecular calculations. It is derived
from PM3 by reparameterization of the core–core functions using ab initio data. Since parameters for H–Cl and O–Cl core–core
interactions were not yet available, we have carried out the corresponding optimization. Application of the PM3-MAIS method
to HCl dissociation in HCl–(H2O)
n
clusters leads to a huge improvement over PM3 results. Though the method predicts a slightly overestimated HCl acidity in
water environment, the overall agreement with ab initio calculations is very satisfying and justifies efforts to develop new
semiempirical methods. 相似文献
79.
Fluoridolysis of Diphosphoryl Compounds The behaviour of diphosphoryl compounds [X2(O)P]2Y in fluoridolysis reactions is decisively determined by the nature of the bridging group Y. In the cases of Y = NH and CH2 and X = Cl [F2P(O)]2N? and [F2P(O)]2CH2 are obtained quantitatively. For Y = NPh, O, and CH2 the formation of phosphorylated pentafluorophosphates [F5P? Y? POX2]? is observed. Amido and ester derivatives containing fluorine (see table 2) are obtained from the corresponding chloro compounds by Cl/F exchange. Fluoridolysis of the azadiphosphetidine 19 results in the formation of acyclic 19 a . 相似文献
80.
《Journal of Coordination Chemistry》2012,65(9):985-990
The crystal of pentaqua (catena-pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylato-O,O) calcium(II) contain zigzag molecular chains composed of Ca ions linked by two bridging oxygen atoms, each donated by one carboxylate group [Ca-O1 2.353(2) Å, Ca-O3III 2.334(1) Å]. The Ca ions, the ligand molecules and one water oxygen atom coordinated by each metal ion [Ca-O5 2.410(2) Å] are coplanar. The coordination of the Ca ion is completed by four other water oxygen atoms situated above and below the plane of the chain [Ca-O6 2.475(1) Å, Ca-O7 2.371(2) Å]. The coordination number of the calcium(II) ion is seven. The water molecules act as donors in a system of hydrogen bonds. 相似文献