Nonlinear Correlations of Protein Sequences and Symmetries of Their Structures

We investigate the nonlinear correlations of protein sequences by using the nonlinear prediction method developed in nonlinear dynamical theory. It is found that a lot of protein sequences show strong nonlinear correlations and have deterministic structures. Further investigations show that the strong nonlinear correlations of these protein sequences are due to the symmetries of their tertiary structures. Furthermore, the correlation lengths of the sequences are related to the degrees of the symmetries. These results support the duplication mechanism of protein evolution and also reveal one aspect how amino acid sequences encode their spatial structures.     

Transmission Properties of THz Radiation Pulses through Very Deep Zero-Order Metallic Gratings

Very deep zero-order metallic grating structures are processed to study the transmission properties of THz radiation pulses. The experiments have been performed with two samples. The delay of the THz pulses and the corresponding resonantly enhanced transmission spectra through the samples are observed. To explain the extraordinary transmission we have treated the samples as Fabry-Perot resonators through resonant excitation of the coupled surface plasmon polaritons filled in the cavities between the metal slats. The experimental results are in reasonable agreement with the numerical simulation. Our results show that THz-time-domain spectroscopy may be an effective technique for studying the optical properties of various THz microstructured devices.     

一种高精度保界的守恒重映方法

Lagrange方法中，当流场发生大变形时，跟踪流体运动的Lagrange网格发生扭曲，使计算无法进行下去，此时必须重分网格，把网格修复成较好的形状。另外，网格自适应技术中的重构、合并与加密，以及同一问题不同程序相继计算的连接，并行计算中相邻块边界区域的数据传递等，这些情况都需要利用旧网格上的物理量来确定新网格上的物理量，是一个物理量重映过程。质点重映方法是基于物理上守恒规律的一种离散的物理量守恒映射方法，既可实现分片常数分布的一阶精度重映计算，又可实现分片线性分布的二阶精度重映计算。这种方法可严格保证守恒量的守恒性，且可以实现任意多边形网格以及节点上物理量的守恒重映。但是，基于分片线性分布的二阶精度重映方法，如果新网格的守恒量没有进行保界调整，那么相应的强度量有可能在其局部的限制范围之外，破坏了原网格物理量的单调性。因而，对二阶精度的质点重映方法进行了进一步研究。在分片线性分布的基础上，将基于结构网格的保界算法扩展到非结构网格上，给出了二阶保界的质点守恒重映方法。     

Li(AlxCo1-x)O2晶体中Co3+电子态的变化及对结构演化的影响

研究了应用于锂二次电池正极的新型高能量密度存贮材料Li(AlxCo1-x)O2 (x=01—05)的磁性.发现Al3+的掺杂可导致Co3+中d电子自旋态发生变化，即有部分d电子进入高自旋态.伴随Co3+中电子状态的改变，材料结构演化也发生了相应变化，表现为c/a比增大明显减缓，较好地解释了材料结构对Vegard定律的正偏离.这对材料的微观结构与性能设计具有重要意义. 关键词： 锂电池材料 Li（AlxCo1-x）O2 磁性 自旋态 结构演化     

Optical Fibre Mode Structures Measured by Collection Mode Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy

High order fibre mode structures are measured by a near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) and are determined to be consistent with the standard fibre LP patterns. The mode-field distortions of high-order mode LP11 and LP21 structures by far-field measurement are analysed based on scalar diffraction theory, and the maximum distortions may reach as high as 5.1% and 6.2%。 This shows that the method of using the NSOM is more accuracy than the far-field measurement method, especially for high-order mode structures of optical fibres.     

利用模式的对称性研究光子晶体光纤的色散

由光子晶体光纤的对称性可以得到模式分布的对称性，根据模式的对称性选择适当的展开函数，可以使计算量大大减少。计算了六角结构光子晶体光纤的色散特性，得到了波长在1．55pm处色散为零时，光子晶体光纤的结构参量所满足的方程。     

月球的形成

天文学家认为 ,月球是由一个像火星般大小的物体撞入地球 ,将物质溅射到围绕地球的轨道上形成的 .这一撞击还把地球上一天的时间延长到现今的 2 4小时 .月球中的物质一部分来自地球 ,其余部分来自撞击体 .科学家们对撞击体的物质在月球中所占的比例做了估计 ,结果分歧很大 .进行地球化学研究得到的估计值从小于 1%到大于 5 0 % ,而大多数地球物理模型则预言这一比例在 5 0 %到 90 %的范围 .在德国的天文学家通过将月球与地球岩石样品的成分进行比较 ,计算出月球上来自碰撞物体的物质不超过月球的三分之一 .此外 ,他们还估计 ,月球至少是在 4…     

Self-assembly behaviour of amphiphilic diblock copolymer in selective solvents studied by synchrotron small-angle x-ray scattering

The aggregation behaviour of styrene-vinyl benzoic acid (PSm-b-PVBAn) amphiphilic diblock copolymers in selective solvents with different m and n was investigated by synchrotron small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). We have carried out a detailed analysis of scattering intensity, dimension, shape and microstructure of the diblock copolymers of narrow distribution in water, methanol, ethanol and isopropanol selective solvents, respectively. We have found that the aggregation behaviour of the copolymer depends on the nature of the solvent and the micelle forms fiat disc objects with the ratio of radius ω=0.4. The average radius gyration Rg of the copolymer decreases as solvents change from isopropanol to ethanol and to methanol, and increases with increasing pH in aqueous solution, but decreases with the addition of COCl2 in ethanol solvent. The scattering intensity of diblock copolymer micelle follows I(h) ∝ h^-α in different selective solutions, suggesting that the PSm-b-PVBAn coils have self-similar structure behaviour or a fractal structure in the selective solvents. All of these revealed that the aggregation behaviour of the diblock copolymer changes dramatically with experimental condition in the selective solvent. The increase of mass fractal dimension (Dm) from 2.12 to 2.47 indicates that the copolymer chain changes from a swollen coil to a rather compact disc in the course of changing solvents, decreasing surface fractal dimension (Ds) from 2.98 to 2.58 indicates that the copolymer micelle change from a rather rough surface to a smooth form in the course of increasing pH in aqueous solutions, and increasing Dm and Ds from 2.29 to 2.35 and 2.70 to 2.90, respectively, indicates the shrinkage of copolymer micelle to a rather compact and rough disc form by adding COCl2 in ethanol solvents.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶 凝胶法以磷钼酸 (MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2 催化剂 .使用ICP、XRD、TG DTA、IR、TPD MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能 .杂多钼酸盐与TiO2 通过O2 -在TiO2 表面发生了键合 .在 6 2 3K下 ,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构 .CO2 在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ )和Lewis碱位Ni-O -Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2 卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ )←O - (CO)← (O--Ni) .丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附 .在 5 6 3K、1MPa和空速 15 0 0h-1的反应条件下 ,丙烯的摩尔转化率为 3.2 % ,产物MAA选择性为 95 % .     

新课程标准中的开放理念

《普通高中数学课程标准》(以下简称《标准》)经教育部批准后于2003年公布于世.通过对《标准》的深入探索和研究,笔者认为《标准》中自始至终体现着开放的理念.本文中笔者就新课程标准中的开放理念谈一些自己的想法.1开放的问题所谓问题是某个给定过程的当前状态与主体所要解决的目标状态之间存在的某种差异,是主体所要解决的疑难.问题是数学的“心脏”,好的数学问题能够培养学生学习数学的积极性,能够激发学生的好奇心,能够使学习主体的认知结构得以重建,能够使不同水平的学生有不同的收获,能够使数学教学往大众化方向发展.传统的数学问题,…