宽电压范围下阳极氧化制备TiO_2纳米管阵列及其热稳定性

采用电化学阳极氧化技术,以含有NH4F和H2O的甘油溶液为电解液,在宽氧化电压范围(20~100V)下于纯钛表面制备了结构高度有序的TiO2纳米管阵列。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)考察了阳极氧化工艺(氧化电压、NH4F浓度、环境温度、水分含量等因素)及退火处理对纳米管形貌的影响;采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)表征了不同氧化电压和退火前后TiO2纳米管阵列的物相;并从电流-时间曲线出发简要地分析了纳米管阵列的形成机理。结果表明,纳米管的内外径和管长随氧化电压的增大而增大;NH4F浓度和环境温度对纳米管形貌有一定的影响;水分含量的多寡决定了能否在高电压下自组装形成纳米管阵列;TiO2纳米管阵列具有良好的热稳定性,管状形貌可以保持到700℃;直接制备的TiO2纳米管阵列均为无定型结构,经450℃退火处理后,无定型的TiO2纳米管转变为锐钛矿相,而600℃退火处理后,部分锐钛矿相转变为金红石相。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Ni_2V_2O_7的丙烷氧化脱氢催化性能

以柠檬酸为配位剂,溶胶-凝胶法制备Ni2V2O7,采用X射线衍射、氮气物理吸附、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱、氢气程序升温还原、X射线光电子能谱和透射电子显微镜等技术对催化剂进行了表征.通过差热-热重分析,考察干凝胶分解为Ni2V2O7的温度以及分解过程的热效应并研究了不同焙烧温度与Ni2V2O7的形成、晶化程度之间的关系以及对丙烷氧化脱氢(ODH)制丙烯反应催化性能的影响.     

Ru-La_2O_3/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂合成、表征及CO选择氧化

采用浸渍法制备系列Ru-La2O3/γ-Al2O3复合氧化物催化剂,通过XRD、H2-TPR、CO-TPR、XPS、BET等方法对催化剂进行表征,考察La2O3的加入量、预处理方法对催化剂上CO选择氧化性能的影响.结果表明,110-170℃时Ru1La6/Al2O3催化剂上CO转化率达到99%以上,氧气利用率达55.7%以上.和Ru/Al2O3相比,Ru1La6/Al2O3催化剂在较低温度具有高活性,活性温度区间变宽.适量La2O3的加入促进了活性组分在载体表面分散,提高了催化剂的活性.经氢气预处理的Ru1La6/Al2O3催化剂活性最佳,催化剂上Ru物种结合能降低,表面钌物种活性位增多,且表面晶格氧浓度增大,更有利于CO气体在催化剂表面上的氧化反应.     

手性四氮锰配合物催化α,β-不饱和烯酮不对称环氧化反应研究

合成了(R,R)-N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)cyclohexane-1,2-diamine(R,R-mcp)及其相应的锰配合物,并将其锰配合物用于α,β-不饱和酮的不对称环氧化反应.考察了催化剂的量和氧化剂对反应的影响.并研究了在底物∶双氧水∶乙酸=1∶6∶5的条件下该催化剂的底物适用范围,获得了的56-70%的ee值.     

VOSO4/活性炭在常压合成丙酮酸乙酯中的催化作用

以氧化改性活性炭为载体,用浸渍法制备了系列VOSO4/活性炭催化剂(VO/ACO). 采用FT-IR、XRD、ICP和比表面及孔结构测定等表征了催化剂组成与结构. 考察了VO/ACO催化剂在常压分子氧氧化乳酸乙酯中的催化作用. 结果表明, 氧化活性炭是氧钒催化剂的有效载体,以pH=3的VOSO4溶液浸渍得到的VO-3/ACO催化剂具有优良的催化性能, 在二氯乙烷中常压,80 ℃ 反应18 h, 乳酸乙酯转化完全, 丙酮酸乙酯的选择性达95.2%. 催化剂重复使用三次后的性能基本保持不变.     

TiO_2纳米管阵列薄膜制备及生长机理的研究

本论文采用阳极氧化的方法,在NH4HF2+NH4H2PO4的混合水溶液中于室温下以金属钛为基体原位合成氧化钛纳米管阵列薄膜。讨论了电解液成分、外加电压、溶液的pH值对氧化钛纳米管阵列薄膜微观结构及形貌的影响,并建立了阳极氧化钛纳米管阵列薄膜的生长模型。氧化钛纳米管的结构与外加电压有很大的关系,只有电压在5～35V范围内才能制备出二氧化钛纳米管阵列薄膜,其管径随着电压的升高而增加,且管径范围为30～160nm。而薄膜的厚度与电解液有关,通过控制电解液的成分及pH值,可获得厚度为6.5μm的氧化钛纳米管阵列薄膜。     

Comparative study of kinetic modeling for the oxidative coupling of methane by genetic and marquardt algorithms

Overall kinetic studies on the oxidative coupling of methane, OCM, have been conducted in a tubular fixed bed reactor, using perovskite titanate as the reaction catalyst. The appropriate operating conditions were found to be: temperature 750-775 ℃, total feed flow rate of 160 ml/min, CH4/O2 ratio of 2 and GHSV of 100 min-1. Under these conditions, C2 yield of 28% was achieved. Correlations of the kinetic data have been performed with lumped rate equations for C2 and COx formation as functions of temperature, O2 and CH4 partial pressures. Six models have been selected among the common lumped kinetic models. The selected models have been regressed with the experimental data which were obtained from the Catatest system by genetic algorithm in order to obtain optimized parameters. The kinetic coefficients in the overall reactions were optimized by different numerical optimization methods such as: the Levenberg-Marquardt and genetic algorithms and the results were compared with one another. It has been found that the Santamaria model is in good agreement with the experimental data. The Arrhenius parameters of this model have been obtained by linear regression. It should be noted that the Marquardt algorithm is sensitive to the first guesses and there is possibility to trap in the relative minimum.     

Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane under steady-state and transient regimes over alumina-supported catalysts prepared from mixed V_2W_4O_（19）~（4-） hexametalate precursors

An integrated approach combining the development of an innovative catalyst and the research of a set of adequate operating conditions for the propane oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) is described. The experimental set-up, specially designed for steady-state and transient studies is presented. The preparation method, the characterization and the performances in steady-state and transient regimes of catalysts based on V_2W_4O_(19)~(4-) Lindqvist isopolyanion used as a precursor and supported on alumina are reported. The influence of the preparation method of the catalyst and the role of water in the feed gas are more particularly discussed.     

Catalytic oxidation of soot particulates over MnOx-CeO2 oxides prepared by complexation-combustion method

MnOx-CeO2 oxides prepared by complexation-combustion method were used for soot oxidation. The highest conversion rate of soot was obtained on a MnOx-CeO2 oxide prepared under mild acid condition of pH = 4, where the oxidation temperature corresponding to maximum activity was decreased more than 150℃ compared with that of un-catalytic soot oxidation. The structure and property of the catalysts were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and temperature programmed reduction (TPR). The results indicate...     

Oxidation of propane over ammonium-transition metal mixed keggin phosphomolybdate salts

Mixed ammonium-transition metal salts with formula of (NH4)xMyHzPMo12O40 (M = Ni2+, Co2+ or Fe 3+) denoted as MPMo12 have been investigated for the oxidation of propane, with molecular oxygen, at temperature range between 380℃ and 420℃ after in-situ pre-treatment performed at two heating rate of 5 or 9℃/min. They were characterized by BET method, XRD, UV-Vis and IR techniques. The catalysts were found to be active in the propane oxidation and selective to propene or acrolein, in particular for samples pre-t...