Synthesis and characterization of reversible thermosensitive methylated chitin and its application in zinc-ion battery thermal runaway

Novel water-soluble methylated chitins (MCHs) were synthesized homogeneously in aqueous alkaline solution. The relatively mild reaction conditions resulted in the MCH with high degree of acetylation (DA >0.76). The chemical structure of the obtained MCHs was analyzed and the degree of methylation substitution (DS) and DA were determined by proton NMR in both D₂O and 20% DCl/D₂O. The MCH aqueous solutions (DS = 0.46 ~ 0.71) showed a reversible thermosensitive sol–gel–sol transition upon heating and cooling. The gel transition temperature of these MCHs (in the range of 15–85 °C) increased with increasing DS and decreasing polymer concentration. Thermal runaway has been an important safety issue impeding the development of high-energy-density zinc-ion batteries. A smart thermosensitive reversible electrolyte was prepared based on this MCH for the aqueous zinc-ion battery to prevent thermal runaway. When the temperature of zinc-ion battery rises or even gets out of control, the thermosensitive electrolyte can quickly gel and inhibit the migration of zinc ions, resulting in increase of the internal resistance and realizing intelligent and efficient thermal self-protection. Thus the novel thermosensitive methylated chitin shows promise for safe aqueous zinc-ion batteries.     

Acoustic phonons transport in a quantum waveguide embedded double defects

By using scattering matrix method, we investigate the acoustic phonons transport in a quantum waveguide embedded double defects at low temperatures. When acoustic phonons propagate through the waveguide, the total transmission coefficient versus the reduced phonon frequency exhibits a series of resonant peaks and dips, and acoustic waves interfere with each other in the waveguide to form standing wave with particular wavelengths. In the waveguide with void defects, acoustic phonons whose frequencies approach zero can transport without scattering. The acoustic phonons propagating in the waveguide with clamped material defects, the phonons frequencies must be larger than a threshold frequency. It is also found that the thermal conductance versus temperature is qualitatively different for different types of defects. At low temperatures, when the double defects are void, the universal quantum thermal conductance and a thermal conductance plateau can be clearly observed. However, when the double defects consist of clamped material, the quantized thermal conductance disappears but a threshold temperature where mode 0 can be excited emerges. The results can provide some references in controlling thermal conductance artificially and the design of phonon devices.     

Association schemes based on maximal totally isotropic subspaces in singular pseudo-symplectic spaces

This paper provides some new families of symmetric association schemes based on maximal totally isotropic subspaces in (singular) pseudo-symplectic spaces. All intersection numbers of these schemes are computed.     

Legendre spectral Galerkin method for second-kind Volterra integral equations

The Legendre spectral Galerkin method for the Volterra integral equations of the second kind is proposed in this paper. We provide a rigorous error analysis for the proposed method, which indicates that the numerical errors (in the L ₂ norm) will decay exponentially provided that the kernel function and the source function are sufficiently smooth. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the theoretical results.      

Generalized Jacobi-Gauss-Lobatto interpolation

We introduce the generalized Jacobi-Gauss-Lobatto interpolation involving the values of functions and their derivatives at the endpoints, which play important roles in the Jacobi pseudospectral methods for high order problems. We establish some results on these interpolations in non-uniformly weighted Sobolev spaces, which serve as the basic tools in analysis of numerical quadratures and various numerical methods of differential and integral equations.     

Global analysis of smooth solutions to a hyperbolic-parabolic coupled system

We investigate a model arising from biology, which is a hyperbolic- parabolic coupled system. First, we prove the global existence and asymptotic behavior of smooth solutions to the Cauchy problem without any smallness assumption on the initial data. Second, if the Hs ∩ Ll-norm of initial data is sufficiently small, we also establish decay rates of the global smooth solutions. In particular, the optimal L2 decay rate of the solution and the almost optimal L2 decay rate of the first-order derivatives of the solution are obtained. These results are obtained by constructing a new nonnegative convex entropy and combining spectral analysis with energy methods.     

双相识别手性萃取佐匹克隆对映体动力学研究

以羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)和L-酒石酸异丁酯(L-IBTA)分别为水相和有机相中手性选择体构成双相识别手性萃取体系, 研究其对佐匹克隆(ZPC)对映体的萃取动力学. 分别考察了搅拌速度、两相接触面积、水相中ZPC对映体浓度、水相及有机相中手性选择体浓度以及水相pH值对ZPC对映体萃取动力学的影响. 结果表明, L-IBTA萃取ZPC对映体的反应为“快反应”|对ZPC对映体反应是一级反应, 对L-IBTA反应是二级反应|对R-ZPC和S-ZPC反应速率常数分别为31.25×10^－5和48.74×10^－5 mol^－2•m⁶•s^－1. 萃取速率随HP-β-CD浓度的增加而降低. 以上研究结果将为手性萃取的工程设计提供参考.     

宽绝对禁带的一维磁性光子晶体结构

提出了一种具有宽绝对禁带的一维磁性光子晶体结构,该结构由相同的折射率和物理厚度以及不同的波阻抗的两种磁性材料交替组合而成.通过传输矩阵法分析可得,相比于非磁性光子晶体,该光子晶体的禁带对入射角和偏振都不敏感,从而具有更宽的绝对禁带.合适地调节两种磁性材料的参数,增加两者波阻抗的差值,该光子晶体的绝对禁带宽度也相应地增加;调节两种磁性材料的物理厚度,其绝对禁带中心也会随之调整;最后,将两个满足上述条件的一维磁性光子晶体组成异质结构,其第一禁带宽度与禁带中心之间的比值可达到1.41以上.     

Chaos induced in Brushless DC Motor via current time-delayed feedback

Chaos in motor system is beneficial in some niche fields such as industrial mixing processes. In this paper, we investigate the issue of inducing chaos in Brushless DC Motor (BLDCM). Based on the differential-geometry control theory, a nonlinear function of current time-delayed control is derived. Analysis shows that the feedback scheme can induce the BLDCM operating in a stable regime to chaotic state across a large range of domain of control parameters, and if the values of control parameters α and β are set at an appropriate level, the variation of the time delay τ becomes insensitive to the occurrence of chaos, which is available in the compensation with inaccuracy of time-delay control.     

Ballistic thermoelectric properties in double-bend graphene nanoribbons

Ballistic thermoelectric properties in double-bend graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are investigated by using the nonequilibrium Green's function. We find that due to the elastic scattering caused by the interface mismatching, the thermal conductance contributed by phonons is greatly reduced, while ballistic transport behaviors for electrons are dramatically demolished, and even some gaps can be opened at antiresonance energies. Near these antiresonance gaps, the maximum value of ZT   (Z_Tmax$Z{T}_{\mathit{max}}$) can be observed, much larger than that for straight GNRs. Moreover, this Z_Tmax$Z{T}_{\mathit{max}}$ can be effectively tuned by modulating the length or width of double-bend GNRs.