可调谐激光吸收光谱法与气相色谱法监测甲烷的对比研究

甲烷是一种重要的温室气体,它对大气中温室效应的贡献仅次于二氧化碳.针对环境空气中甲烷的测定,从测量原理、测量过程和测量装置等方面比较了可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱和气相色谱法两种测量方法.结果表明用上述两种方法测得的甲烷的日变化趋势具有良好的一致性.相比较而言,后者造价更低,并且更方便.     

Effect of annealing temperature on photocatalytic activity of ZnO thin films prepared by sol-gel method

Zinc oxide thin films are deposited on Si and quartz substrates using the sol-gel method. The thin films, annealed at 400, 600 and 800 °C respectively, are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), fluorescence spectrometer (FL) and the photocatalytic activity is tested by the decomposition of methyl orange dye under UV illumination. The results show that the mean grain size, surface-to-volume ratio, rms roughness and degradation efficiency of the thin films increases with increasing annealing temperature. In particular, ZnO thin film annealed at 800 °C exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity, degrading methyl orange by almost 88% in 180 min. Photocatalytic reaction mechanism of the ZnO thin films is discussed in detail, and the oxygen defects are proposed to be the active sites of the ZnO photocatalyst.     

高分子基础实验的优化与改革

为适应高分子材料与工程专业实验分层次教学改革的要求,结合我院高分子材料与工程专业的具体实际,在教学内容设计中融入科学、节约、环保的理念,对高分子基础实验体系、内容、组织与运行、教学方法与手段进行了整体优化和改革。使实验成本得到降低,污染物明显减少,实验教学效果得到显著提高,实现了高分子专业基础实验教学效益的最大化。     

Improved flame retardant properties of epoxy resin by fluorinated MMT/MWCNT additives

Flame retardant additives of montmorillonite (MMT) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) were embedded in epoxy resin to improve the resin's flame retardant properties. MMT was fluorinated to exfoliate its layers and enhance its dispersion into the epoxy resin. The MWCNT was also fluorinated to create hydrophobic functional groups for improved dispersion into the epoxy resin. The MWCNT reduced the degradation rate of the epoxy resin and increased the char yield. Limiting oxygen index also increased showing first order against char yield. The exfoliated MMT acted as an energy storage medium to hinder thermal transfer within the epoxy resin. The activation energy increased almost two times by fluorinated MMT/MWCNT additives. The fluorination of the additives, MMT and MWCNT significantly improved the flame retardant properties of the epoxy resin.     

Effect of the preparation method on the catalytic performance of Ca<Subscript>3</Subscript>Co<Subscript>4</Subscript>O<Subscript>9</Subscript> for methane oxidation

The layered structure oxide Ca₃Co₄O₉ particle was synthesized by two routes of citrate sol–gel method. The structure, morphology and surface property of Ca₃Co₄O₉ was characterized by XRD, SEM and XPS, respectively. The catalytic activity of Ca₃Co₄O₉ for methane combustion was tested in a fixed bed quartz tubular microreactor. The catalysis results reveal that the catalytic activity is sensitive to the texture of Ca₃Co₄O₉ by different route. TG measures confirm that the small particle size of Ca₃Co₄O₉ favors the oxygen transformation on the surface, which can be ascribed the random distribution of the crystal axes in irregular Ca₃Co₄O₉ particle.     

基于SEM与FTIR研究改性钢渣/橡胶复合材料的热氧老化机理

钢渣是冶金工业中产生的主要固体废弃物,其产量约为每年粗钢产量的15%~20%。由于技术的局限,导致我国钢渣利用率较低,仅为年钢渣产量的10%,同时加之管理制度的不健全,导致钢渣大量露天堆放,对土地资源、地下水源,以及空气质量形成严重影响。面对上述问题,以热闷渣、电炉渣和风淬渣研发改性钢渣微粉,并且将改性钢渣微粉与复合橡胶进行复合制备改性钢渣/橡胶复合材料。依据《硫化橡胶或热塑性橡胶热空气加速老化和耐热试验》（GB/T3512—2014）对改性钢渣/橡胶复合材料进行热氧老化处理,采用平衡溶胀法测定改性钢渣/橡胶复合材料的交联密度,扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、热重分析仪（TGA）和傅里叶转换红外光谱仪（FTIR）分别测试其微观形貌、失重率和结构组成,从微观层面阐述改性钢渣/橡胶复合材料的热氧老化机理。结果表明在热氧老化前期老化作用在改性钢渣/橡胶复合材料表面,其内部以交联键形成反应为主;在热氧老化中期老化作用已经作用改性钢渣/橡胶复合材料内部,造成交联键断裂反应速度高于交联键形成反应速度,形成大量断裂交联键;在热氧老化后期由于改性钢渣/橡胶复合材料内部已经存在大量断裂交联键,导致主链及交联键断裂速度降低,交联键形成反应占优势。改性钢渣微粉以热闷渣（SiO₂含量高）为原材料,有利于形成聚合物大分子链贯穿炭黑网络的结构,提高综合性能,尤其是物理机械性与滞后性;以电炉渣、风淬渣（Fe₂O₃含量高）制备改性钢渣微粉,有利于热传导性能的改善,不仅提高改性钢渣/橡胶复合材料的耐热性,而且提高其硬度与脆性。热氧老化过程中改性钢渣/橡胶复合材料内部在橡胶分子链α-H上发生了不同程度的氧化反应,并在橡胶分子链周围生成了羟基、羧基和醇类化合物,双键烯氢含量降低。     

Evolution Characteristics of the Laser-Plasma Electron Temperature of Heavy Metal Cr in Liquid Matrix

Using the nanosecond single-pulse laser-induced breakdown-spectroscopy (LIBS) technique, we determine the LIBS spectrum of a mixed solution of soluble compounds as a sample. Based on the LIBS measurement system established and the best experimental parameters, we measure the plasma emission spectrum of some lines of the Cr element. When the ICCD gate delay is measured from 500 to 2500 ns every 500 ns, and the liquid sample flow rate is set in the range of 35 ml · min^?1?55 ml · min^?1 with an interval of 5 ml · min^?1, the partial emission line of the Cr element in the laser plasma is measured, and the Boltzmann oblique line is drawn after the integrated intensity obtained. We calculate the evolution characteristics of the laser-plasma electron temperature with experimental parameters. The results show that the electron temperature values obtained from the intensity of the spectral lines of different elements are consistent with each other, indicating the reliability of the experimental measurement data. The range of electron temperature is obtained from the intensity of the Cr element line in the plasma range from 4071.0 K to 5628.4 K. As the flow rate continues to increase, the plasma electron temperature also increases but gradually becomes gentle. We select Cr 357.87 nm as the analytical line in the experiment and measure the particle density ratios of the Cr element in the ground state at different ICCD gate delays and sample flow rates. It provides experimental parameter support for further LIBS quantitative analysis of trace heavy metal elements in a liquid matrix.

     

Synthesis of N-substituted acridinediones and polyhydroquinoline derivatives in refluxing water

Acridinediones were synthesized by the one-pot Hantzsch condensation of an aromatic aldehyde, 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione, and aniline/4-methylaniline in re?uxing water. This method has then been extended to the four-component reaction of an aromatic aldehyde, 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione, ethyl acetoacetate and ammonium acetate for the synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives. This is an environmentally friendly and efficient procedure providing good to excellent yields.     

Influence of the photon beam position on incident SR intensity at the SXMCD endstation

A small fluctuation of the photon beam position will affect the intensity and polarization characteristics of synchrotron radiation （SR） when it enters an endstation through the related beamline. In this paper, by changing the electron orbit equilibrium position in the vertical direction, we have measured the corresponding changes in the absorption strength of the SR with a gold mesh in different chopper aperture positions. It is found that for three aperture positions, the absorption intensity of the gold mesh shows a good Gaussian distribution as the photon beam position moves, while the ratio of the SR intensity passing through the upper and lower apertures shows a monotonous variation. This suggests a new method for estimating the circular polarization degree of SR originating from the bending magnet based on our current measurement.     

土壤源热泵在合肥地区规模化应用绩效研究

介绍了土壤源热泵的工作原理,探讨了土壤源热泵空调应用于中央空调系统的设计方法,以及其主要部件地热换热器的埋管方式、结构、管材、运行等特点。选取几种常用的冷热源系统与土壤源热泵系统进行比较,参考合肥地区的能源价格,计算各方案的运行成本,用动态费用年值法评价了各方案的经济性。最后,对土壤源热泵系统的节能减排量进行了分析。