Agency selling or reselling: E-tailer information sharing with supplier offline entry

Nowadays, some suppliers are looking for offline expansion in addition to their preexisting online channels relying on e-tailers. This study focuses on the e-tailer’s demand information sharing strategy with the supplier who may build upon brick-and-mortar stores. Both prevailing agreements between the supplier and the e-tailer are investigated: agency selling and reselling. The equilibrium results are quite different under these two agreements. Specifically, when the supplier’s offline entry cost is very small or large, the e-tailer shares information under agency selling while keeps information private under reselling. When the entry cost is intermediate, channel substitution rate is large and information uncertainty is small, the e-tailer withholds the demand information under agency selling while shares information under reselling to deter the supplier from entering an offline channel. Furthermore, two extensions about consumer behavior in multichannel selection are discussed: showrooming and webrooming. With showrooming or webrooming, the e-tailer’s information sharing decisions qualitatively hold, while with showrooming the drive factor behind may change; that is, withholding information under agency selling and sharing information under reselling may also serve as measures to encourage supplier offline entry when the effect of showrooming is strong.     

基于卷积神经网络的恒星光谱自动分类方法

恒星光谱自动分类是研究恒星光谱的基础内容,快速、准确自动识别、分类恒星光谱可提高搜寻特殊天体速度,对天文学研究有重大意义。目前我国大型巡天项目LAMOST每年发布数百万条光谱数据,对海量恒星光谱进行快速、准确自动识别与分类研究已成为天文学大数据分析与处理领域的研究热点之一。针对恒星光谱自动分类问题,提出一种基于卷积神经网络(CNN)的K和F型恒星光谱分类方法,并与支持向量机(SVM)、误差反向传播算法(BP)对比,采用交叉验证方法验证分类器性能。与传统方法相比CNN具有权值共享,减少模型学习参数;可直接对训练数据自动进行特征提取等优点。实验采用Tensorflow深度学习框架,Python3.5编程环境。K和F恒星光谱数据集采用国家天文台提供的LAMOST DR3数据。截取每条光谱波长范围为3 500~7 500 部分,对光谱均匀采样生成数据集样本,采用min-max归一化方法对数据集样本进行归一化处理。CNN结构包括：输入层,卷积层C1,池化层S1,卷积层C2,池化层S2,卷积层C3,池化层S3,全连接层,输出层。输入层为一批K和F型恒星光谱相同的3 700个波长点处流量值。C1层设有10个大小为1×3步长为1的卷积核。S1层采用最大池化方法,采样窗口大小为1×2,无重叠采样,生成10张特征图,与C1层特征图数量相同,大小为C1层特征图的二分之一。C2层设有20个大小为1×2步长为1的卷积核,输出20张特征图。S2层对C2层20张特征图下采样输出20张特征图。C3层设有30个大小为1×3步长为1的卷积核,输出30张特征图。S3层对C3层30张特征图下采样输出30张特征图。全连接层神经元个数设置为50,每个神经元都与S3层的所有神经元连接。输出层神经元个数设置为2,输出分类结果。卷积层激活函数采用ReLU函数,输出层激活函数采用softmax函数。对比算法SVM类型为C-SVC,核函数采用径向基函数,BP算法设有3个隐藏层,每个隐藏层设有20,40和20个神经元。数据集分为训练数据和测试数据,将训练数据的40%,60%,80%和100%作为5个训练集,测试数据作为测试集。分别将5个训练集放入模型中训练,共迭代8 000次,每次训练好的模型用测试集进行验证。对比实验采用100%的训练数据作为训练集,测试数据作为测试集。采用精确率、召回率、F-score、准确率四个评价指标评价模型性能,对实验结果进行详细分析。分析结果表明CNN算法可对K和F型恒星光谱快速自动分类和筛选,训练集数据量越大,模型泛化能力越强,分类准确率越高。对比实验结果表明采用CNN算法对K和F型恒星光谱自动分类较传统机器学习SVM和BP算法自动分类准确率更高。     

光子带隙光纤的可调谐泄漏损耗特性的研究

通过向折射率引导型光子晶体光纤的空气孔中填充可调的高折射率的材料可以获得带隙可调的光子带隙光纤.本文采用矢量平面波展开法与矢量有限元法对可调光子带隙光纤的泄漏损耗特性进行了理论研究.研究表明，这种可调光子带隙光纤的光子带隙效应使其泄漏损耗与填充材料的折射率有很强的依赖关系，同时给出了光子带隙光纤的泄漏损耗和群速度色散与归一化波长的关系.     

THE MECHANISM OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN NANOPARTICLE AND LIPIDS MONOLAYER OF PULMONARY SURFACTANT 1)

人体在吸入纳米颗粒时肺部的第一道生物屏障是肺表面活性剂(lung surfactant, LS),吸入的纳米颗粒可以到达肺部深处,从而干扰肺部的生物物理性能。目前关于金纳米粒子与LS单层的相互作用的机制研究及金纳米粒子对肺部功能的影响尚不清楚。本文使用粗粒化的分子动力学方法,研究了金纳米粒子与LS单层膜在纳米尺度上的相互作用,观察到金纳米粒子的存在使得单层膜的结构变形,改变了膜的生物物理性能,并且不同形状的纳米粒子对单层膜的影响也不相同。这些发现有助于识别空气中的纳米粒子对肺部的潜在影响。     

具有工作站数量约束的多人工作站混合装配线平衡问题研究

针对装配线设计或改造过程中存在的因场地或成本原因导致的工作站数量不易变更的问题,研究了节拍已知情况下,具有工作站数量约束的多人工作站混合装配线平衡问题,建立以装配线总人数最小、工人负荷量标准差最小、各产品在各工作站装配时间与节拍之间的标准差最小为目标的数学模型,设计了一种结合差分进化的多目标混合遗传算法对该问题求解。通过案例计算以及与其他算法的对比分析表明,本文算法在收敛性和综合性能方面优于NSGAII和DEMO,在装配线人数和工人负荷标准差方面优于Roshani和Nezami提出的算法。     

The Berezin Transform of Toeplitz Operators on the Weighted Bergman Space

Potential Analysis - In this paper, we obtain some interesting reproducing kernel estimates and some Carleson properties that play an important role. We characterize the bounded and compact...     

High strength and high ductility behavior of 6061-T6 alloy after laser shock processing

The plastic deformation behavior of 6061-T6 alloy which was subjected to severe plastic deformation (SPD) at high strain rates during laser shock processing (LSP) was researched. In LSP-treated materials, the near surface microstructural change was examined by TEM and fracture surfaces after tensile testing were examined by SEM. An increase in strength of metallic materials brings about the decrease in ductility. In this study, the results showed that LSP-treated 6061-T6 alloy exhibited both high strength and high ductility. TEM observation showed that stacking fault (SF) ribbon enlarged, deformation twins formed and twin boundary increased in LSP-treated 6061-T6 alloy. This observation was an indication of stacking fault energy (SFE) decrease. Work hardening capability was recovered after LSP impacts.     

Redox-responsive polymer prodrug/AgNPs hybrid nanoparticles for drug delivery

The redox-responsive hybrid nanoparticles of P(MACPTS-co-MAGP)@AgNPs is developed for drug delivery and fluorescence monitoring of the drug release by applying the NSET-based strategy.     

In situ fabrication of lithium polymer battery basing on a novel electro-polymerization technique

Electro-polymerization technology is proposed for the in situ fabrication of polymer lithium secondary battery and exciting results have been obtained. The polymerization starts from a common used electrolyte of 1 M LiTFSI in DOL/DME (2:1 by weight) with no initiator addition through a routine charge–discharge treatment under some appointed current rate. It is found that once an appropriate current is applied in the charging–discharging of Li/1 M LiTFSI in DOL + DME/LiCoO₂ cell, the original liquid electrolyte polymerizes readily during the first several cycles in an irreversible mode, and thus the desired polymer electrolyte obtained. SEM observation indicates that unlike previous report, the designed electro-polymerization does not result in destructive local break and then turnoff of the circuit, just the reverse, it helps to the formation of a smooth polymer layer, which can effectively protect the lithium substrate from corrosion and dendrite growth. Detailed examination shows that the in situ electro-polymerization does not disturb the electrochemical behavior of the cell, the cycleabilty, internal resistance are all comparable to that of a normal Li/LiCoO₂ liquid secondary battery.     

A polarization mismatched p-GaN/p-Al0.25Ga0.75N/p-GaN structure to improve the hole injection for GaN based micro-LED with secondary etched mesa

A low hole injection efficiency for InGaN/GaN micro-light-emitting diodes (μLEDs) has become one of the main bottlenecks affecting the improvement of the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the optical power. In this work, we propose and fabricate a polarization mismatched p-GaN/p-Al$_{0.25}$Ga$_{0.75}$N/p-GaN structure for 445 nm GaN-based μLEDs with the size of $40 \times 40 $μm$^{2}$, which serves as the hole injection layer. The polarization-induced electric field in the p-GaN/p-Al$_{0.25}$Ga$_{0.75}$N/p-GaN structure provides holes with more energy and can facilitate the non-equilibrium holes to transport into the active region for radiative recombination. Meanwhile, a secondary etched mesa for μLEDs is also designed, which can effectively keep the holes apart from the defected region of the mesa sidewalls, and the surface nonradiative recombination can be suppressed. Therefore, the proposed μLED with the secondary etched mesa and the p-GaN/p-Al$_{0.25}$Ga$_{0.75}$N/p-GaN structure has the enhanced EQE and the improved optical power density when compared with the μLED without such designs.