全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1907篇 |
免费 | 357篇 |
国内免费 | 186篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1040篇 |
晶体学 | 21篇 |
力学 | 110篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
数学 | 315篇 |
物理学 | 961篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 15篇 |
2023年 | 113篇 |
2022年 | 100篇 |
2021年 | 131篇 |
2020年 | 135篇 |
2019年 | 76篇 |
2018年 | 95篇 |
2017年 | 113篇 |
2016年 | 129篇 |
2015年 | 128篇 |
2014年 | 148篇 |
2013年 | 138篇 |
2012年 | 152篇 |
2011年 | 135篇 |
2010年 | 114篇 |
2009年 | 103篇 |
2008年 | 55篇 |
2007年 | 62篇 |
2006年 | 100篇 |
2005年 | 60篇 |
2004年 | 39篇 |
2003年 | 48篇 |
2002年 | 34篇 |
2001年 | 46篇 |
2000年 | 29篇 |
1999年 | 35篇 |
1998年 | 23篇 |
1997年 | 11篇 |
1996年 | 12篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 25篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2450条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
11.
FTIR-ATR has been used for understanding the interaction between bacteria and surfaces in the adsorption progress. 相似文献
12.
水中氯苯类污染物的顶空液相微萃取 GC-MS法测定 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了用顶空液相微萃取GC-MS法测定水中的痕量氯苯类有机污染物。通过实验选择正辛醇为萃取剂,考察了萃取剂的体积、萃取温度、萃取时间、搅拌速度、样品顶空体积以及盐效应等对萃取的影响。在最佳萃取和测定条件下,方法的线性范围为0.1~800μg/L,检出限(S/N=3)为0.05~0.1μg/L。用本方法测定了实际样品及回收率,结果满意。 相似文献
13.
14.
ABSTRACTThis study proposes a simple method of designing a high-speed liquid crystal variable retarder (LCVR) with reflection mode. First, a series of simple formulas is provided for analysing the effects of tilt incidence and birefringence of the liquid crystal on the phase retardation and response time of the LCVR. Then, a reflective LCVR is fabricated to validate the theoretical analysis. Measured results show that the response speed can reach 2.7 kHz with a phase retardation of 1 λ. Furthermore, the theoretical curve is close to the measured curve while the incident angle is less than 10°. However, the theoretical and measured values show a considerable difference under a large incident angle. This problem is discussed, and a modified method is given. This work is helpful for the design and fabrication of high-speed LCVR. 相似文献
15.
16.
Fashui?HongEmail author Xuefeng?Wang Chao?Liu Guoxing?Su Weiping?Song Kang?Wu Ye?Tao Guiwen?Zhao 《中国科学B辑(英文版)》2003,46(1):42-50
It was studied by spectroscopy that PSII reaction center complex consisting of three polypeptides, D1, D2 and Cytb559, were purified from PSII particle of CeCl3 treated spinach. The results of the experiment show that Ce3+ could improve the growth of spinach, and accelerate electron transport of PSII particles. Of chl-a of UV-Vis spectrum of
D1/D2/Cytb559 complex, Soret band was blue-shifted by 3 nm and Q band by 2 nm, respectively, and the fluorescence emission
peak was blue-shifted by 5 nm in CeCl3-treated spinach compared with the one in control. By the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy methods,
it has been found that Ce3+ is coordinated with 8 nitrogen atoms in the first coordination shell with Ce-N bond length of 0.253 nm, and Ce3+ with 6 oxygen atoms in the second coordination shell with Ce-O bond length of 0.32 nm. However, the secondary structure of
D1/D2/Cytb559 complex by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy has no significant change after CeCl3 treated. It might be that Ce3+ binds to porphyrin rings of chlorophyll and oxygen of amino acid residue of polypeptide in D1/D2/Cytb559 complex, and then
accelerates the primary reaction of PSII, intensifies function of P680+ primary electron donor of D1/D2/Cytb559, but there is little change in conformation of PSII reaction center complex. 相似文献
17.
We propose a line search exact penalty method with bi-object strategy for nonlinear semidefinite programming. At each iteration, we solve a linear semidefinite programming to test whether the linearized constraints are consistent or not. The search direction is generated by a piecewise quadratic-linear model of the exact penalty function. The penalty parameter is only related to the information of the current iterate point. The line search strategy is a penalty-free one. Global and local converg... 相似文献
18.
针对传统的DEA模型在评估过程中并未考虑决策者对相关指标权重的偏好,将最优最差方法(BWM)嵌入到传统DEA模型中,基于决策者偏好排序的判断矩阵,构建一种含有偏好的DEA-BWM评价方法。首先在保持传统DEA方法的优势基础上,构建了CCR-BWM评价模型对各DMU进行评价。同时考虑为了便于各决策单元在统一权重基础上相互比较,构建了CSW-BWM公共权重模型。另外考虑决策单元自评和互评,构建了NCE-BWM中立型交叉效率。然后采用min-max方法分别将上述三种多目标评价模型转换为单目标线性规划进行求解。最后,选择一组算例对三种模型的有效性与合理性进行验证。 相似文献
19.
《Electrochemistry communications》2007,9(9):2157-2162
An amperometric method for the rapid detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) by flow injection analysis (FIA) using an IrO2–Pd chemically modified electrode (CME) was developed in this paper. The method is based on a good marker β-d-galactosidase which was found in E. coli strains. β-d-galactosidase was produced by the induction of isopropyl β-d-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and released from E. coli cells through the permeabilization of both polymyxin B nonapeptide and lysozyme to E. coli cells wall. The released β-d-galactosidase could catalyze the hydrolysis of the substrate p-aminophenyl β-d-galactopyranoside (PAPG) in the culture medium to produce 4-aminophenol which was proportional to the concentration of E. coli. Hence, E. coli could be detected by the determination of 4-aminophenol. An IrO2–Pd CME, which showed high sensitivity in determination of 4-aminophenol, was prepared as the electro-detector in FIA. The amplified response current of 4-aminophenol obtained at the IrO2–Pd CME was linear with the concentration of E. coli ranging from 2.0 × 102 to 1.0 × 106 cfu/mL, the detection limit of this method to E. coli was 150 cfu/mL and the complete assay could be performed in 3 h. 相似文献
20.
《Journal of fluorine chemistry》2006,127(4-5):571-579
A surface patterning method based on noncovalent immobilization of fluorous-tagged sugars on fluorous-derivatized glass slides allows the facile fabrication of carbohydrate microarrays. To expand the scope of these arrays, the first syntheses are reported of arabinose, rhamnose, lactose, maltose, and glucosamine tagged with a single C8F17-tail for ease of purification as well as array formation. Screening of these carbohydrate microarrays against lectins from Triticum vulgaris (WGA) and Arachis hypogaea (PNA) demonstrate that the noncovalent fluorous–fluorous interaction is sufficient to retain not only mono- but also disaccharides under the biological assay conditions. 相似文献