THE COURSE OF “STRUCTURAL MODEL DESIGN AND FABRICATION”

“知行统一” 的观念在教育界已深入人心,但是要做到切实履行却非易事。经过为期九年的精心打造,上海交通大学开设的创新型实践课程“结构模型设计与制作” 初步实现了“学与行” 的有机融合,教学效果显著,深受学生欢迎。本文是对该课程的总结与反思,希望对我国相关工科教学改革起到有益的借鉴作用。     

平头锥型回转体高速入水结构强度数值分析

为探究回转体在高速入水过程中的结构强度，基于非线性有限元LS-DYNA软件中流固耦合任意拉格朗日-欧拉(arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian, ALE)方法，分析了不同壁厚的回转体以100 m/s的初速度入水过程中的冲击力特性和结构强度。结果表明:数值计算得到的入水冲击压强峰值和速度衰减曲线与相应的理论值吻合较好，从而验证了数值方法的有效性；入水冲击载荷峰值出现在结构入水瞬间，结构入水后冲击载荷急剧变小且微小震荡；回转体的结构形式对其在高速入水过程中的结构强度有重要影响，尤其回转体头部厚度影响回转体结构强度，当回转体头部厚度为8 mm、后体壁厚大于2.5 mm时，可以保证回转体强度要求。     

一种提高极值点处收敛精度的三阶WENO-Z格式

为了提高三阶WENO-Z格式在极值点处的计算精度，通过理论推导给出三阶WENO格式满足收敛精度的充分条件。采用泰勒级数展开的方式，推导给出所构造格式非线性权重的计算公式，并综合权衡计算精度和计算稳定性确定所构造格式的参数。通过两个典型的精度测试，验证了改进格式在光滑流场极值点区域逼近三阶精度。进一步选用激波与熵波相互作用和Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性等经典算例，证实了本文提出的改进格式WENO-PZ3相较其他格式（WENO-JS3和WENO-Z3）不仅具有较高的精度，而且降低了格式的耗散，提高了对流场结构的分辨率。     

Tuning magnetism of monolayer GaN by vacancy and nonmagnetic chemical doping

In view of important role of inducing and manipulating the magnetism in 2D materials for the development of low-dimensional spintronic devices, the magnetism of GaN monolayer with Ga vacancy and nonmagnetic chemical doping are investigated using first-principles calculations. It is found that pure GaN monolayer has graphene-like structure and is nonmagnetic. While, a neutral Ga vacancy can induce 3 μ_B intrinsic magnetic moment, localized mainly on the neighboring N atoms. Interestingly, after one Mg or Si atom doping in g-GaN with Ga vacancy, the magnetic moment can be modified to 4 μ_B or 2 μ_B respectively due to the change in hole number. Meantime, Mg-doped g-GaN with Ga vacancy shows half-metal character. With the increasing of doping concentrations, the magnetic moment can be further tuned. The results are interesting from a theoretical point of view and may open opportunities for these 2D GaN based materials in magnetic devices.     

Experimental observation on multiaxial ratchetting of polycarbonate polymer at room temperature

Multiaxial stress-controlled and mixed stress-strain-controlled cyclic tests were carried out to investigate the multiaxial ratchetting of polycarbonate (PC) polymer at room temperature. The effects of applied mean stress, stress amplitude, loading rate, loading path and loading history on the ratchetting are discussed. The results show that the multiaxial ratchetting mainly occurs in the direction of non-zero mean stress. In the multiaxial stress-controlled cases, the ratchetting strain increases with increasing mean stress and stress amplitude and decreasing stress rate. Different values of ratchetting strain were obtained in the multiaxial cyclic tests with seven different loading paths, and prior cyclic loading with higher stress level resulted in decreased ratchetting in the subsequent cyclic loading with lower stress level. In the multiaxial mixed stress-strain-controlled tests, the ratchetting increased with increasing axial (or equivalent shear) stress and torsional-angle (or axial-displacement) amplitude and decreasing applied deformation rate.     

Theoretical and experimental values of the spectroscopic constant relative to the Hg 253.7 nm line at different temperatures.

The fundamental parameter (cm²/atom) relating the absorbance and the number of atoms, called “atomic absorptivity” (C.Th.J. Alkemade et al. Metal Vapours in Flames, Pergamon, New York, 1982) and herewith referred to as the “spectroscopic constant” k, can be either theoretically calculated or derived from experimental calibration curves. The comparison between these two values is useful because the theory can be refined and the operating conditions chosen with more confidence. One of the most important parameters needed is the variation of k with temperature, since a good control of the atomizer temperature is not easy due to difficulties in calibrating the sensor. In fact, if k is constant, there is no need to control the temperature, while if its variation is known, one can calculate the error caused by such inaccuracy. In this paper, some experimental and theoretical data for Hg, in the temperature interval 300–2400 K, are discussed.     

阵风谱载下疲劳寿命可靠性预测

基于维概率ＭＩＮＥＲ准则,建立了在阵风谱载下对结构构件疲劳寿命进行可靠性预测的方法。根据一组ＬＹ１２－ＣＺ铝合金中心孔试件的疲劳试验数据对上述方法进行了较为成功的验证,验证结果表明本方法的预测值与试验值吻合良好,具有较好的工程实用价值     

Exact analytical solution to a rigid/plastic problem with hardening and damage evolution

The paper deals with a rigid cone having a rough wall, that rotates around its axis of symmetry in an incompressible rigid/plastic solid. It is assumed that the shear yield stress of the solid depends on the equivalent strain and a damage variable. The exact analytical solution to this problem is given. The plastic zone, where hardening and softening due to damage occur, develops near the cone. The remainder of the solid is rigid. The stress field is extended into the rigid zone. It is shown that for any hardening law commonly used for metals the solution does not exist after some amount of deformation, in particular it may not exist at all.