Synthesis and characterization of functional l-lactic acid/citric acid oligomer

Oligomers of l-lactic acid and citric acid (PLCA) were synthesized by reacting lactic acid with citric acid in the presence of stannous chloride. The chemical compositions of these multicarboxylated oligomers were verified by FT-IR and ¹H-NMR spectroscopy. The thermal characteristics of the oligomers, such as glass transition temperature T_g, melting temperature T_m and melting enthalpy, were confirmed by DSC. The crystallinity of the oligomers were determined by DSC and WXRD. Meanwhile, the acid-base surface characteristics of PLCA have been determined by contact angle. The results implicated that these oligomers may be used to entrap the cospecies on PLLA surface in tissue engineering.     

负载型光催化材料CeO2-TiO2/SiO2的表面结构与光响应性能

采用表面改性法制备了负载型光催化材料CeO2-TiO2/SiO2,并用X射线衍射,比表面积测定,红外光谱,程序升温还原和紫外可见漫反射光谱技术对固体材料的结构和光响应性能进行了表征.结果表明,CeO2与TiO2在材料表面存在相互修饰作用,CeO2能拓展TiO2的光响应范围,使TiO2吸光区域由紫外拓宽至可见光区,从而提高材料的光能利用率;Ti4 可以进入CeO2晶格,形成Ce-O-Ti键合,使得Ti4 平均配位数增加,同时提高了CeO2体相晶格氧的活性;TiO2有助于提高CeO2在载体表面的分散程度,减小CeO2的微晶尺寸,提高固体材料的能隙值和氧化还原能力.     

La-Co-Ce-O复合氧化物催化剂的制备、结构与性能

采用柠檬酸络合法制备出具有不同原子比（La＋Co/La＋Co＋Ce）的La-Co-Ce-O系列复合氧化物，并采用XRD、XPS和H2-TPR等方法对样品进行了表征测试．XRD结果表明，样品中的活性相为高分散的Co3O4纳米微晶（20～50nm）和少量的LaCoO3相，与浸渍法相比，柠檬酸络合法制得的样品具有更高的组分分散度和更小的晶粒度．CO氧化活性测试结果表明，柠檬酸络合法制得的样品比传统浸渍法制得的样品起燃温度降低约40℃，但样品的氧化活性与活性相Co3O4的多少及其晶粒度并不呈顺变关系．TPR和XPS的结果表明，样品中CeO2含量及可还原氧物种的多少与活性有直接关联，样品表面La、Co和Ce的原子百分数接近时，协同效应最佳，活性最好．     

高分子溶液壁湍流减阻机理的TRPIV实验研究

利用高时间分辨率粒子图像测速技术(TRPIV)对回流式水槽中低浓度高分子溶液壁湍流的减阻机理进行实验研究。通过对比分析高分子溶液和纯水平板湍流边界层在相同来流速度下的平均速度剖面、湍流强度和雷诺应力,发现高分子溶液的壁面摩擦阻力减小了21.77%,并且其缓冲层增厚,按对数律外移,雷诺应力减小;高分子聚合物主要在近壁区起到抑制湍流脉动的作用,而在主流区的作用不太明显。用流向局部平均多尺度速度结构函数和相干结构条件采样方法,检测并对比了高分子溶液和水的壁湍流相干结构“喷射”和“扫掠”事件中的脉动速度、展向涡量、雷诺应力等物理量的二维拓扑形态,发现高分子溶液近壁区相干结构在猝发时的脉动速度减小,涡量受到抑制,雷诺应力明显减小,说明高分子溶液湍流近壁区相干结构“喷射”和“扫掠”的强度变弱,猝发频率降低,动量和能量的输运减弱,揭示出高分子溶液减阻的重要机理。     

Study on the morphology, crystalline structure and thermal properties of yellow ginger starch acetates with different degrees of substitution

Yellow ginger starch acetates with different degrees of substitution (DS) were prepared by reacting native starch with glacial acetic acid/acetic anhydride using sulfuric acid as catalyst. X-ray diffraction (XRD) of acetylated starch revealed that the crystal structure of native starch was disappeared and new crystalline regions were formed. Their formation was confirmed by the presence of the carbonyl signal around 1750 cm⁻¹, as well as the reduced hydroxyl groups, in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) suggested most of the starch granules disintegrated with many visible fragments along with the increasing DS. The thermal behavior of the native starch and starch acetate were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), it was observed that the thermal stability of acetylated starch depends on the degree of substitution. Thermal stability of high DS acetylated starch is much better than that of the original starch when DS reached to 2.67.     

Study on corrosion properties of pipelines in simulated produced water saturated with supercritical CO2

This work aims at systematically investigating the corrosion properties of three pipeline steels in static simulated produced water (SPW) saturated with supercritical carbon dioxide using weight-loss tests. SEM, XRD and XPS were employed to study the chemical composition and structure of the corroded surface. The results showed that the corrosion rates of the tested steels significantly decreased with increasing the exposure temperature and time in static SPW saturated with SC-CO₂. The surface film on the corroded surface, which markedly influenced the CO₂ corrosion behavior of the samples, was mainly composed of (Fe, Ca)CO₃ and α-FeOOH. Inhomogeneous element distribution of carbon, oxygen, calcium and iron in the surface film was observed. (Fe, Ca)CO₃ formed at a lower temperature was more stable than that formed at elevated temperatures.     

A numerical comparison of real-time phase-shifting algorithms

Among data acquisition techniques in digital photoelasticity, the integrated phase shifting technique (IPST) can real-time analyze the photoelastic parameters at a video rate of the high speed CCD camera. In this paper, fourteen algorithms are described by different configurations of the rotating an analyzer at a constant rate and an output quarter-wave plate at another constant rate. The theoretical comparisons of the algorithms are given by the simulated phase distributions of the isochromatic and isoclinic parameters of the disk under two cases that the load keeps unchangeable or linear increasing in exposure time of the camera. Then a guideline is given to alleviate the influence of the load changing with time on the IPST.     

Enhanced carbon dioxide adsorption performance and kinetic study of K and Al co-doped Li4SiO4

Effective K and Al incorporation in Li₄SiO₄ leads to the broadened adsorption temperature range and enhanced carbon dioxide adsorption performance.     

Starch-Enhanced Synthesis of Oxygenates from Methane and Carbon Dioxide Using Dielectric-Barrier Discharges

In this work, starch has been used to enhance the oxygenate formation directly from methane and carbon dioxide using dielectric-barrier discharges (DBDs). The use of starch inhibits the formation of liquid hydrocarbons and significantly increases the selectivity of oxygenates. Oxygenates produced include primarily formaldehyde, methanol, ethanol, formic acid, and acetic acid. The total selectivity is about 10–40% with conversion of methane and carbon dioxide of about 20%. Lower methane feed concentration favors the production of oxygenates, and higher feed flow rate leads to higher selectivity of oxygenates in the presence of starch.