杂多酸季铵盐双活性中心抗菌剂的合成及抑菌性能研究

本文采取立体选择法合成以过渡元素V、Fe、Co和Ni为取代原子的Keggin结构的取代型磷钼杂多酸盐,在水热条件下与十二烷基三甲基溴化铵进行化合,得到了4种新的基于Keggin型多酸阴离子和季铵阳离子的复合物。通过红外(FT-IR)、紫外(UV-Visible)、热重(TG)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等手段进行了结构表征,并采用抑菌圈法对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌进行了抑菌活性研究。结果表明,所合成的复合物的分解温度较季铵盐提高了200℃;复合物的抑菌效果是季铵盐的2~3倍。     

圆形片状纳米复合材料Ag/ZnO-ZrO2微波辅助合成与多模式光催化罗丹明B

采用微波辅助结合沉淀法制备了以ZnO为主体的纳米复合材料Ag/ZnO-ZrO₂。通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis/DRS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和N2吸附-脱附等表征手段研究了微波辐射对Ag/ZnO-ZrO₂晶型结构、形貌及表面物理化学性质的影响。结果表明, 在200 W微波辐射作用下, 该样品晶型结构未发生明显变化, 但Ag的衍射峰明显增强, 同时, 其晶粒尺寸、光吸收性质和表面物理化学性质等方面则发生改变, 尤其是样品Ag/ZnO-ZrO₂的形貌呈现了圆形片状结构。分别在紫外和微波辅助条件下对纳米复合材料的光催化性能进行了一系列考察, 同时为了进一步评价所合成样品在太阳光作用下的实用价值, 又考察了Ag/ZnO-ZrO₂在模拟日光条件下的光催化性能。结果显示, 紫外光作用下, 纳米复合材料Ag/ZnO-ZrO₂的光催化活性高于市售P25以及未经微波处理的样品, 且在微波辅助光催化条件下, 其活性有较大程度提高。200 W微波功率下所合成样品Ag/ZnO-ZrO₂在模拟日光作用下显现出较高活性。另外, 根据紫外光条件下对光催化活性物种的捕获实验提出了Ag/ZnO-ZrO₂可能的光催化机理。     

Bi2WO6/TiO2纳米管异质结构复合材料的多模式下的光催化活性比较

以TiO₂纳米管为模板,采用多组分自组装结合水热法制备Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂纳米管异质结构复合材料。通过多种技术如X射线衍射（XRD）,X射线光电子能谱（XPS）,N₂吸附脱附,扫描电镜（SEM）,高分辨透射电镜（HRTEM）和紫外可见漫反射吸收光谱（UV-Vis DRS）考察所制备样品的组成、结构、形貌、光吸收和电子性质。Bi₂WO₆纳米片或纳米粒子分布在TiO₂纳米管上,形成异质结构。随后,通过在紫外、可见和微波辅助光催化模式下降解染料罗丹明B（RhB）来评价复合催化剂的光催化活性。与TiO₂纳米管和Bi₂WO₆相比,Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂-35纳米管在多模式下表现出更优异的光催化活性。与紫外和可见降解模式相比,Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂-35纳米管在微波辅助光催化模式下对RhB的降解效率最高。这种增强的光催化活性源于适量Bi₂WO₆的引入、纳米管独特的形貌特征和降解模式所引起的增强的量子效率。降解过程中的活性物种被证明是h⁺,·OH和·O₂^-自由基。而且,在微波辅助光催化模式下,可产生更多的·OH和·O₂^-自由基。     

Synthesis of Acid Dyeable Acrylonitrile Copolymer

In this paper, a unique and updated technique was applied to obtain an acid dyeable copolymer of acrylonitrile by solution polymerization of acrylonitrile, and a kind of alkaline monomer F (N,N‐dialkylaminoethylacrylate). Azodiisobutyronitrile (AIBN) was used as initiator to prepare the copolymer in sodium sulfocyanate aqueous solution. The effect of initiator concentration on the polymer's molecular weight and conversion during polymerization was studied. The relation between concentration of the alkaline monomer F and the polymer conversion, as well as the relation between concentration of the alkaline monomer F and the % dye‐uptake of the copolymer are discussed. The influence of pH was also researched. The structure of the copolymer was characterized by IR and NMR. The copolymer has excellent acid dyeable characteristics.     

椭圆形平面镜的高精度面形重构技术

为了实现大口径椭圆形光学平面镜的高精度面形测量,提升大口径望远镜系统的像质,本文对椭圆形平面反射镜面形的绝对检测算法进行了研究。首先,对椭圆形镜面进行了多项式正交化拟合研究。接着,对绝对检测算法进行了理论研究,利用正交化绝对检测算法可以有效分离参考镜与待测镜的面形误差,从而实现待测椭圆形平面镜面的高精度面形重构。为了证明上述方法的实际检测精度,本文对250 mm×300 mm的椭圆形镜面进行了绝对检测模拟与检测实验。对参考镜面形精度不高的情况进行了仿真计算,实验中利用光阑在Zygo300 mm口径标准平面镜头中选取250 mm×300 mm椭圆形检测区域,采用150 mm口径Zygo干涉仪对上述椭圆形区域完成绝对检测,并基于上述正交化绝对检测算法对椭圆形平面镜实现了面形重构。实验结果表明,利用本文所述方法可以实现参考镜与椭圆形待测镜面的面形误差分离,绝对检测结果的残差图RMS(Root-mean square)值为0.29 nm,证明了本文所述方法的可行性。利用上述方法可以实现椭圆形平面反射镜的高精度面形重构。     

Permeable cracks between two dissimilar piezoelectric materials

An interfacial crack with electrically permeable surfaces between two dissimilar piezoelectric ceramics under electromechanical loading is investigated. An exact expression for singular stress and electric fields near the tip of a permeable crack between two dissimilar anisotropic piezoelectric media are obtained. The interfacial crack-tip fields are shown to consist of both an inverse square root singularity and a pair of oscillatory singularities. It is found that the singular fields near the permeable interfacial crack tip are uniquely characterized by the real valued stress intensity factors proposed in this paper. The energy release rate is obtained in terms of the stress intensity factors. The exact solution of stress and electric fields for a finite interfacial crack problem is also derived.     

Axi-symmetric wave propagation in a cylinder coated with a piezoelectric layer

This paper presents the wave propagation in a cylinder coated with a thin piezoelectric layer. The piezoelectric coupling effects are fully modeled in the mechanics model for this piezoelectric coupled cylindrical shell with bending resistance. The decoupled torsional wave velocity and the dispersion curves for the two- mode shell model are obtained theoretically. The cut-off frequency and phase velocities at limit wave number are also derived. The numerical simulations are conducted to present the results of wave propagation in this cylindrical shell and as well as to compare the results by the current bending theory and the membrane shell theory. From the comparisons, the results display obvious deference of wave propagations in terms of dispersion characteristics by different shell theories when thicker piezoelectric layer are used and when higher wave number is considered. The results of this paper can serve as a reference for future study on wave propagation in coupled structures as well as in the design of smart structures incorporating piezoelectric materials.     

一种提高生物体拉曼光谱痕量测量精度的方法

微量物质拉曼光谱测量精度的提高是拉曼分析技术的难点之一,特别是高荧光背景下生物体中微量物质的测量。根据拉曼谱峰突发、离散特点,分别给出荧光背景和噪声拟合函数,通过监测总体拟合偏差A类不确定度函数实现拉曼谱峰定位和干扰信号滤波;进一步根据谱峰位置划分光谱区间,在单调区间内弱化非谱峰信号,实现谱峰信号增强。与其他光谱处理方法比较,可以准确拆分重叠特征峰,不会降低特征峰高度,提供更加灵敏的半谱峰面积指标。实验表明,该方法在处理皮肤拉曼光谱时,可以准确得到螺旋构象的酰胺I带、神经酰胺和CO的归属拉曼谱峰;另外经过该方法处理后数据建立水溶性糖(水稻叶片)含量测量模型,其精度优于小波分解、多项式拟合和非线性最小二乘法。     

Photoionization of Ru(bpy)32+ ions in aqueous solutions containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. Influence of ion binding

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) augments the yield of biphotonic ionization of tris-2,2′-bipyridyl ruthenium(II) ions (3.75×10⁻⁵ mol dm⁻³) in aqueous solution at room temperature to different extents at two different concentration ranges: by a factor 4 at [SDS] just below the critical concentration for precipitation (4.5×10⁻⁴ mol dm⁻³) and by a factor 1.4 at [SDS] above the critical micellar concentration (8×10⁻³ mol dm⁻³). The augmentation of the photoionization yield is explained in terms of ion binding, i.e. electrostatic interaction between Ru(bpy)₃²⁺ ions and dodecyl sulfate ions which results in a partial charge neutralization with the consequence of a decrease in the ionization potential.     

An unusual electrochemically induced demetalation of iron-substituted Keggin-type undecatungstozincate ZnW11FeIII(H2O)O7−39

Firstly reported for Fe-containing transition metal substituted polyoxometalates was an unusual Fe-centered demetalation process induced by the reduction of ZnW₁₁Fe^III to ZnW₁₁Fe^II, which resulted in a new couple of Fe-relating redox waves at positive potentials.