Chemoenzymatic synthesis of (R)-(+)-2-methylbutan-1-ol,a chiral synthon for the preparation of optically active pheromones

Optically active (R)-(+)-2-methylbutan-1-ol (which is not commercially available) was prepared by a chemoenzymatic synthesis, in which the key step involved a reduction catalyzed by baker's yeast. The synthon was used in the synthesis of (R)-10-methyldodecan-1-yl acetate, the chiral methyl-branched pheromone of Adoxophyes sp.     

Concepts for ligand design in asymmetric catalysis: a study of chiral amino thiol ligands

A series of new chiral sulfur–nitrogen chelate ligands, derived from amino acids, has been synthesised rationally. Fruitless experiments into catalytic asymmetric conjugate additions and desymmetrisation of meso-epoxides led us to analyse our ligands in the catalytic asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to aromatic aldehydes. These latter experiments were successful with chiral benzylic alcohols being obtained in up to 82% enantiomeric excess.     

隧道洞口段非均质及各向异性土质裂缝仰坡稳定性上限解

针对忽略岩土体非均质和各向异性将导致边坡稳定性评价产生误差的问题,应用极限分析上限理论及抗剪强度系数折减法,推导土体强度非均质和各向异性影响下隧道洞口含裂缝仰坡稳定性解析式,探究土体强度非均质和各向异性对仰坡稳定性系数、坡顶裂缝位置、隧道拱顶失稳范围及仰坡安全系数的影响。结果表明,裂缝深度及坡角越大,仰坡稳定性系数越小;非均质系数越大和各向异性系数越小,维持仰坡稳定的临界坡高越大;非均质系数及各向异性系数越大,裂缝距坡顶边缘越远,隧道拱顶失稳范围越大;非均质系数增大有利于仰坡稳定,而各向异性系数越大仰坡越易失稳。     

Influence of wire spacing and plate spacing on electrostatic precipitation of nanoparticles: An approach involving electrostatic shielding and diffusion charging

Electrostatic precipitation is a process widely used as gas cleaning device, to removal particles from gas flows. However, in a conventional and well-sized precipitator, the collection efficiency decreases for ultrafine particles, making it difficult to employ this equipment for controlling nanoparticle pollution. This paper investigates the influence of plate spacing (4 and 6.5 cm) and wire spacing (4, 6, and 12 cm) on the electric current and nanoparticle collection efficiency, considering the effect of diffusion charging and electrostatic shielding. Two laboratory-scale dry wire-plate electrostatic precipitators with different plate spacings were tested for the collection of nanoparticles (6.15–241.4 nm) at three air velocities (1.9, 2.9, and 3.9 cm/s). The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the equipment in removing nanoparticles (99.9%) under the highest electric fields. Higher values of the wire spacing led to increases in the current and the collection efficiency. This was associated with reduced electrostatic shielding, which is more evident in smaller ducts with a higher density of field lines. It is expected that the findings should improve knowledge on electrostatic precipitation of nanoparticles, enabling optimization of collection efficiency by considering the effects of geometric parameters.     

鲁科版高中化学必修新教材情境素材分析与教学建议

研读新课程标准中的相关要求,分析鲁科版必修新教材的情境素材类型和呈现方式,得出教材中情境素材具有:微项目使实践情境大放异彩、史实情境彰显中华民族自信、情境素材充分体现STSE教育理念等特点。据此提出从静态的教材情境到动态的教学情境转化的3条教学建议:充分重视教材栏目所蕴含的情境教学功能;深挖教材情境素材所承载的学科核心素养;考虑教学的整体设计选取和呈现情境素材。     

Efficient asymmetric protonation of enolates with readily accessible chiral α-sulfinyl alcohols

The efficient asymmetric protonation of lithium enolates of 2-alkylcycloalkanones (87–96% ee) with readily accessible chiral α-sulfinyl alcohols is described. Optimal stereoselection is achieved for each lithium enolate at a different reaction temperature in the range −40 to −100°C.     

石墨消解-ICP-MS法同时测定铜精矿中4种有害元素

为弥补标准检测方法的不足,建立了石墨消解-ICP-MS法同时检测铜精矿中Pb、Cd、As 和Hg等4种有害元素。确定了样品前处理和仪器分析条件。用铜精矿标准样品和参考样品分别进行7次重复实验,Pb、Cd和As的检测结果均在标准值范围内,Hg的检测结果与参考值基本一致。7次重复检测结果的变异系数符合GB/T 27417-2017《合格评定 化学分析方法确认和验证指南》要求。选择5种不同物相铜精矿作为待测样品,通过与标准方法比对,两种方法检测结果的绝对差符合标准方法的再现性要求,说明本方法适用于不同种类的铜精矿。本方法操作简单,可同时测定多种有害元素,实用性强。     

新型三嗪衍生物的摩擦学性能

合成了一系列双烷基胺基单硫磷酸酯基三嗪衍生物,在四球摩擦磨损试验机上研究了它们作为菜籽油添加剂的摩擦学性能。实验结果表明,该类化合物具有良好的极压抗磨性能,是一类可以用于生物降解润滑油的添加剂。用X-射线光电子能谱（XPS）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析了钢球磨损表面,探讨了该类添加剂的摩擦学机理。在摩擦过程中,钢球表面形成了一层起减摩抗磨性能的含硫,磷无机膜和有机氮复合膜。     

强碱性条件下的相转移催化合成美多心安

以对甲氧乙基苯酚和环氧氯丙烷为原料,强碱KOH为催化剂,PEG400（聚乙二醇400）为相转移催化剂,通过醚化反应和胺化反应合成了美多心安。本工艺路线简单,原料易得,反应的整体收率达到50％。研究了不同反应条件对反应的影响。对中间体和目标产物进行了IR、^1HNMR、HPLC定性定量分析。确定了较好的合成反应条件。     

水稻苯达松敏感致死基因bel的初步定位

选用30个SSR标记对水稻苯达松敏感致死基因（bel）进行定位研究,初步将bel基因定位于水稻第3染色体上RM5475和RM6759两个SSR标记之间,与RM5475标记的遗传距离为4．3cM,与RM6759标记的遗传距离为5．2cM。