层状材料褶皱对几种地质活动机理研究的启示

从制备层状材料褶皱得到启示,给出了地球地质活动的一些可能的机理性解释.层状晶体的褶皱可以通过在柔性基底上施加的单轴或双轴应力实现,这与地球的层状结构及地球表面的山体褶皱形成机理有许多相似之处.由于地球质量分布不均匀且存在自转,因此各个板块的转动惯量是不一样的,本文指出南北半球之间存在自转角速度差异,对赤道附近的地形地貌及地质活动可能产生重要影响.本文给出了地震、火山以及大陆漂移等地质活动新的机理解释.针对中国特殊的地形地貌,提出了物质流假说并详细论述了物质流的流动趋势,指出中国大陆地质活动和板块交界处的地质活动的机理存在明显差别.物质流假说可以较好地解释中国的地震灾害、矿藏资源分布及中东地区石油丰富的可能成因,为中国未来预测地震灾害及矿藏资源开发提供了新的理论参考.该工作为人类更好地避免自然灾害、理解地球上的自然现象及合理利用自然资源提供了新的启示.     

Calibration of discrete element modeling: Scaling laws and dimensionless analysis

In this paper, dynamic similarity conditions are derived for discrete element simulations by non-dimensionalising the governing equations. These conditions must be satisfied so that the numerical model is a good representation of the physical phenomenon. For a pure mechanical system, if three independent ratios of the corresponding quantities between the two models are set, then the ratios of other quantities must be chosen according to the similarity principles. The scalability of linear and non-linear contact laws is also investigated. Numerical tests of 3D uni-axial compression are carried out to verify the theoretical results. Another example is presented to show how to calibrate the model according to laboratory data and similarity conditions. However, it is impossible to reduce computer time by scaling up or down certain parameters and continue to uphold the similarity conditions. The results in this paper provide guidelines to assist discrete element modelers in setting up the model parameters in a physically meaningful way.     

铸铁滑动摩擦副边界润滑表面膜的考察

在铸铁材料油润滑与线接触滑动磨损机制基础上，对这种材料在边界润滑状态下表面膜的形成、识别、结构组成和导致膜破裂脱落的因素作了试验研究与考察，摩擦磨损过程中，摩擦表面在摩擦热的作用下，缺陷增多，塑性变形加剧，润滑油和空气中的氧通过扩散流动进入变形层，从而形成较厚的扩散反应膜，其主要成分是Ｆｅ３Ｏ４氧化膜。     

Cooley-Tukey FFT在高维的算法

A new fast algorithm is presented for multidimensional DFT in this paper. This algorithm is derived based on an interesting coding technique for multidimensional integral point, named the technique vector coding. And called the algorithm VCFFT (vector coding fast Fourier transform). Since the VC-FFT is the extension of Cooley-Tukey algorithm from one-dimensional to multidimensional, its structure of program is simple as Cooley-Tukey FFT, and significantly reduces multiplications and recursive stages.     

On the stability of penny-shaped cracks with friction: the five types of brittle behavior

The theory of penny-shaped cracks has been the subject of numerous investigations because of its conceptual simplicity and the feasibility of obtaining mathematical solutions. The simplicity of many of the final results makes the theory useful in many applications. This paper addresses a gap in the theory, the effect of interfacial friction in closed cracks and, in particular, its influence on the most unstable crack orientation and, hence, the compressive strength of materials. When friction is accounted for it is found that five types of brittle behavior are possible: (a) mode-I opening, (b) mixed opening and shear, (c) pure-shear without friction, and (d) shear with interfacial friction. A fifth type of behavior (e) which corresponds to a stable material response occurs when the compressive traction on the crack is so large that friction inhibits crack growth. The first four types, namely, (a), (b), (c), (d) result in incipient material failure. The range of stress states for which each of the failure (incipient) types applies is given explicitly. Failure of a brittle material under triaxial test conditions is considered in detail to illustrate the results. An experiment performed by Howe et al. [Howe, P.M., Gibbons, G.G., Webber, P.E., 1985. An experimental investigation of the role of shearing initiation of detonation. In: Short, J.M. and Deal, W.E. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Detonation, Albuquerque, NM] showing the response of a brittle material (TNT) to impact illustrates (perhaps surprisingly) behavior of types (c) and (d). The chemical sensitivity of the TNT allows us to observe the effect of friction better than would be possible in a non-reactive material. The conditions that allow crack growth within the crack plane are discussed briefly.     

pH and ionic strength responsive photonic polymers fabricated by using colloidal crystal templating

In this paper, monodispersed silica particles were synthesized using tetraethoxysiliane hydrolyzing in ethanol by a Stöber–Fink–Bobn method and then self-assembled on cleaning glass slides to form silica colloidal crystals. After photopolymerization of methacrylic acid mixing with ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate and hydrofluoric acid etching, the pH-responsive polymers were obtained with highly 3D-ordered macroporous structures templated by silica colloidal crystals. These polymers films can swell or deswell in response to external stimuli, causing a change of Bragg diffraction to read pH or ionic strength of various solutions by optical signals or electrochemical signals. As an application, they can be used as chemical sensors to detect pH or ionic strength variation of environment.     

苯基桥键型介孔材料的制备与表征

以1,4-二(三乙氧基硅基)-苯为硅源,聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯-聚氧乙烯三嵌段共聚物为模板剂,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为共模板剂,乙醇为共溶剂,在酸性条件下合成了球形的苯基桥键型有序介孔材料。X射线衍射和透射电镜表征结果表明,该材料具有有序的二维六方相介观结构;傅立叶红外变换、13C和29S i固体核磁共振表征证实硅胶骨架中成功引入了苯基桥键,且在合成和模板移除过程中未发生S i—C键断裂;元素分析表明材料含碳量为34%~39%;热重分析说明材料稳定温度可达300℃;氮气吸附脱附揭示了材料有较高的比表面积(500~600 m2/g)和窄的孔径分布(3.21~3.95 nm)。将该苯基材料不经化学改性直接用作反相高效液相色谱固定相,并与商品键合硅胶苯基色谱柱比较,发现桥键型苯基材料对芳香类化合物具有很好的分离选择性,残留硅羟基明显减少,作为一种新的液相色谱填料具有很好的应用前景。     

Unique Twisted Ribbons Generated by Self‐Assembly of Oligo(p‐phenylene ethylene) Bearing Dimeric Bile Acid Pendant Groups

Let's twist again! Remarkable broad and twisted ribbons were generated from the self‐assembly of oligo(p‐ phenylene ethylene) (OPE) bearing dimeric deoxycholic acid pendant groups (see graphic). Varying the bile acid led to nanostructures with drastically different morphologies. The distinctive aggregate shapes of these steroid–OPE conjugates are attributed to the subtle differences in their molecular structures.

     

A novel bromophenol from marine red alga <Emphasis Type="Italic">Symphyocladia latiuscula</Emphasis>

2,3,6-Tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl ethyl ether (1), a new bromophenol, was isolated from the ethanol extract of marine red alga Symphyocladia latiuscula, with a known compound, 2,3,6-tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl methyl ether (2). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, including high-resolution mass spectroscopy, and 1 and 2-dimensional NMR techniques. Compounds 1 and 2 showed inhibitory activity against Staphyloccocus aureus with IC₅₀ 102 and 50 μg/mL, respectively.     

含参数线性方程组解的判别方法注记

当线性方程组中含有未知参数时,线性方程组解的情况往往需要进行讨论.本文给出了在非齐次线性方程组系数矩阵中含有未知参数且系数行列式等于零的情况下,判定对应参数值下方程组的解是无解还是有无穷多解的两个判定定理.和以前的方法比较,本文提出的讨论方法更直接.