关于凝固点和凝固点降低

对水的凝固点、三相点、标准凝固点和正常凝固点概念及其图示进行了辨析。     

Er3+/Yb3+共掺NaYF4/LiYF4微米晶体的上转换荧光特性

采用水热法成功制备了Er³⁺/Yb³⁺共掺杂的NaYF₄和LiYF₄微米晶体. 通过X射线衍射仪和环境扫描电子显微镜对样品的晶体结构及形貌进行表征. 实验结果表明: 六方相NaYF₄微米晶体为棒状结构, 而四方相LiYF₄微米晶体则为八面体结构. 在近红外光980 nm激发下, NaYF₄:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺和LiYF₄:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ 微米晶体均展现出很强上转换荧光发射. 且NaYF₄:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺微米晶体的荧光发射强度大约是LiYF₄:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺微米晶体的2倍, 但红绿比明显较低. 根据荧光光谱, 并借助激光光谱学及发光动力学深入探讨基质变化及表面修饰剂乙二胺四乙二酸(EDTA)对荧光特性的影响. 实验结果发现: 影响荧光强度的主要因素是基质环境的局域对称性, 而导致不同红绿比则是由于样品表面较多的EDTA分子所引起. Er³⁺掺杂的NaYF₄和LiYF₄ 微米晶体呈现出很强的绿光发射可被应用于全色显示, 荧光粉和微光电子器件中.     

傅里叶望远镜发射阵列的冗余度及“冗余度-斯特列尔比-目标信息”特性分析

傅里叶望远技术中不同的基线配置产生不同方向的多组干涉条纹以扫描目标表面. 能否有效判断条纹方向与目标表面细节信息是否匹配决定了目标空间的采样效果. 本文首先对发射基线的冗余度进行了分析, 之后提出了一种新的发射基线分析方法, 通过定义冗余度-斯特列尔比-目标信息(RST)的概念, 将基线冗余度、目标细节信息与重构图像质量相结合. 分析了目标空间细节信息与基线配置的匹配关系. 文中采用T形阵列对目标空间频谱采样. 当某一基线配置的RST 值满足文中所设定的大小关系时, 判断目标的细节信息主要分布于阵列的横轴方向还是竖轴方向. 并以此为参考, 调整下一步基线扫描时横竖两轴的扩展规模, 实现了利用目标空间的较低频反馈信息来指导较高频信息的采样基线配置. 此分析方法的建立有助于优化傅里叶望远系统真实发射阵列的工作方式, 使基线的频谱与目标的空间谱较好地匹配, 达到更好的探测结果.     

金纳米棒三聚体中的等离激元诱导透明

基于金纳米棒构成的三聚体微元结构模型,详细地研究了等离激元诱导透明(plasmon induced transparency,PIT)现象产生的物理过程.研究发现,三聚体的吸收谱线随着其耦合距离以及尺寸的变化,竖直金纳米棒所对应的偶极明模在平行双长条金纳米棒对应的暗模作用下会产生分裂.依据这一结果提出了一个新的物理解释,PIT现象的产生主要来自于竖直金纳米棒中偶极振荡的模式分裂后的相干叠加.同时,考虑到两个振子之间的耦合会伴随着一定的相位关联性,进而引入了耦合相位因子修正了洛伦兹振子耦合模型,解析地研究了耦合相位因子对吸收谱的调控作用和分裂明模之间的相干叠加效应对PIT效应的影响.这为在纳米尺寸范围设计人造原子、光开关、慢光效应等方面的应用提供了理论参考.     

Measurement of the resonant lengths of infrared dipole antennas

The resonant lengths of infrared dipole antennas at 10.6 and 3.39 μm are experimentally investigated. For this purpose, submicron-sized microbolometers coupled to dipole antennas with lengths between 0.7 and 20 μm were fabricated on a SiO₂-on-Si substrate. The response of the detector to 10.6 μm radiation shows a first resonance for an antenna length between 1.0 and 2.5 μm. A subsequent zero and a second attenuated resonance are observed as the antenna length increases. Similar behavior is observed for illumination at 3.39 μm, with a first resonance occurring at a length shorter than 1 μm. The results permit evaluation of an effective dielectric permittivity and shows the effect of the surface impedance of the metal on the propagation of current-wave on the antenna. The resonance behavior is further studied by changing the irradiation conditions of the detectors. Air-side and substrate-side illumination exhibit identical resonant antenna lengths, but different efficiencies of power collection. The antenna patterns as a function of incident angle have also been measured at 10.6 μm, showing a transition from a primary broadside lobe to the development of side lobes for longer antennas. Finally, an antenna response is measured at visible frequencies. Our measurements point out similarities, as well as differences, between infrared antennas and their counterparts at microwave frequencies, and provide insights useful for the design optimization of planar infrared antennas.     

一种X射线聚焦光学及其在X射线通信中的应用

基于栅控脉冲发射X射线源与单光子探测技术的X射线通信已经实现了实验室语音通信验证,并对通信系统的误码率性能进行了分析,为探索未来X射线深空应用打下了坚实的基础.针对目前X射线通信面临的信号发散角大、通信距离短、难以实现工程化应用的情况,迫切需要对X射线通信天线系统进行深入研究.为了提高信号增益、增大X射线通信的距离,提出了多层嵌套式X射线聚焦光学作为X射线通信的"收发天线",理论分析了X射线聚焦光学用于X射线通信"收发天线"的可行性,分析了X射线聚焦光学的理论基础与结构设计,对"发射天线"发散角、"接收天线"有效面积与焦斑尺寸、信号增益等性能做了探讨.结果表明:在信号发射端,"天线"的发散角为3 mrad左右,发射增益23 d B;在信号接收端,"接收天线"的有效面积5700 mm2@1.5 keV,焦斑直径为4.5 mm,接收增益为25 d B,通信系统总的增益可达48 d B.     

Three-dimensional fermionic determinants,Chern-Simons and nonlinear field redefinitions

The three-dimensional abelian fermionic determinant of a two component massive spinor in flat euclidean space-time is reset to a pure Chern-Simons action through a nonlinear redefinition of the gauge field.     

Effect of matrix viscoelasticity on the electrorheological properties of particle suspensions

We have investigated the electrorheological properties of dispersions of semi-conducting particles in oils and elastomers. We focused on how the dynamic mechanical properties measured under oscillatory shearing change with the viscosity of the oil or the elasticity of the elastomer. The dependence on electric field and strain amplitude were also investigated. We found that the largest increment of the mechanical properties under electric fields was obtained when using oils of low viscosity and elastomers of low elasticity. The strain amplitude which produced the largest variation with electric field was found to be 0.1% for the elastomer systems, but significantly larger (1%) for the oil systems. These results are interpreted in terms of a model based on the competition between the dipole–dipole electrostatic interaction (which acts to maintain neighbouring particles together) and the shearing force due to the deformation of the matrix (which acts to separate the particles). We find that there are parallels between the electrorheological behaviour of particles dispersed in elastomers and the behaviour of particles dispersed in oils. These results should find application in the selection of suitable matrix materials for electrorheological suspensions.     

Nouvelle voie d'élaboration de GaN: la synthèse solvothermale

GaN, a large band-gap semiconductor (3.49 eV), is a very promising material concerning the optoelectronic and microelectronic areas, mainly due to the value of the band gap and also to its high chemical and thermal stability. Most of the work concerning this nitride implies the formation of thin films by various techniques of epitaxy. The solvothermal synthesis is a new route to obtain GaN. This process is conducted in a nitriding solvent in the supercritical state (T > T_c and P > P_c) or close to it. In such conditions, the diffusion of the chemical species is enhanced. Microcrystallites of GaN of good chemical purity have been obtained by this process. The obtained microcrystallites have been characterised by several techniques: X ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.     

Material removal rate prediction for ultrasonic drilling of hard materials using an impact oscillator approach

It is postulated that the main mechanism of the enhancement of material removal rate (MRR) in ultrasonic machining is associated with high amplitudes forces generated by impacts, which act on the workpiece and help to develop micro-cracking in the cutting zone. The inherent non-linearity of the discontinuous impact process is modelled, to generate the pattern of the impact forces. A novel procedure for calculating the MRR is proposed, which for the first time explains the experimentally observed fall in MRR at higher static forces.