电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ICP-OES）法测定石灰性土壤中交换性盐基K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+

石灰性土壤的交换性盐基常规检测方法过程手续繁琐、消耗乙醇量大、交换液过滤淋洗定容至250 mL容量瓶耗时过长。通过改变取样量和氯化铵-乙醇交换液的比例关系,选择合适的震荡时间,一次性交换完全,直接干过滤部分提取液到25 mL比色管中,再将滤液转移至聚四氟乙烯烧杯中,电热板加热挥发掉乙醇,用盐酸提取,使得乙醇体系转换为盐酸体系。该方法减少了乙醇的用量、缩短了前处理时间、解决了等离子体引入有机物熄火的问题,建立了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ICP-OES）法直接测定石灰性土壤盐基K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+的方法。选用4个石灰性土壤有效态国家一级标准物质按照本方法进行处理,测定结果均在认定值的误差范围内;采用8个全国第三次土壤普查实际样品与标准方法进行比对实验,各组分检测结果无显著差异。各元素的光谱强度在0～100 μg/ mL浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数（r）均在0.999 9以上,方法检出限值为0.004～0.015 cmol/kg,相对标准偏差RSD（n=12）为0.74 %～8.52 %。满足第三次全国土壤普查全程质量控制规范中对石灰性土壤基盐检测质量技术要求。     

固相萃取-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP-AES）法测定地下水中三种重金属

为拓宽固相萃取技术在生态环境监测领域应用范围,建立了树脂固相萃取前处理ICP-AES法测定地下水中铅、铬、镉含量的方法。经前处理条件优化,硝酸洗脱液浓度5%、缓冲溶液pH 7、洗脱速率10 mL/min及进样体积为500mL条件下,铅、铬、镉等三种重金属回收率均可以达到95%以上。该方法中各目标元素在0.02~20 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999;铅、铬、镉方法测定下限分别0.56μg/L,0.04μg/L,0.24μg/L满足评价要求;方法精密度RSD值在0.44%~5.49%;加标回收率范围分别在98.55%~101.84%、98.5%~104%、95.5%~105%。经监测井实样测试,铅、铬、镉结果处于《地下水质量标准》（GB/T14848-2017）I类限值范围内。该方法干扰小,易操作,为相关国家标准修订提供参考。     

n维单形的Erd“非汉字符号”-Mordell型不等式

本文利用距离几何的理论和方法证明了 En( n≥ 2 )中 n维单形几内任一点到 n- 1维界面的距离与它到顶点的距离的一个带权的 Erdos- Mordell型不等式 ,并由此导出了涉及 n维单形的内任一点的一组儿何不等式 ,其中包括三角形中著名的 Child不等式的高维推广     

A real‐time Mooney‐viscosity prediction model of the mixed rubber based on the Independent Component Regression‐Gaussian Process algorithm

With the rapid development of rubber industry, it becomes more and more important to improve the performance of the quality control system of rubber mixing process. Unfortunately, the large measurement time delay of Mooney viscosity, one of the most important quality parameters of mixed rubber, badly blocks the further development of the issue. The independent component regression‐Gaussian process (ICR‐GP) algorithm is used to solve such typical nonlinear “black‐box” regression problem for the first time to predict Mooney viscosity. In the ICR‐GP method, the non‐Gaussian information is extracted by the independent component regression method firstly, and then the residual Gaussian information is extracted by the Gaussian process method. Meanwhile, both the linear and nonlinear relationships between the input and output variables can be extracted through the ICR‐GP method. With the fact that there is no need to optimize parameters, the ICR‐GP method is especially suitable for “black‐box” regression problems. The highest prediction accuracy was achieved at M = 0.8765 (the root mean square error), which was high enough considering the measuring accuracy (M = ±0.5) of the Mooney viscometer. It is by using the online‐measured rheological parameters as the input variables that the measurement time delay of Mooney viscosity could be dramatically decreased from about 240 to 2 min. Consequently, such Mooney‐viscosity prediction model is very helpful for the development of the rubber mixing process, especially of the emerging one‐step rubber mixing technique. The practical applications performed on the rubber mixing process in a large‐scale tire factory strongly proved the outstanding regression performance of this ICR‐GP Mooney‐viscosity prediction model. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

ChemInform Abstract: Smallest Deltahedra Silicon Dicarbide: C2Si32‐.

A total of 20 singlet and 36 triplet C₂Si₃^2‐ isomers are obtained by quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/aug‐cc‐pVTZ level.     

Enantioselective reduction of 2‐keto‐3‐haloalkane phosphonates by baker's yeast

Bioreduction of 3‐substituted‐2‐oxoal‐kanephosphonates by baker's yeast afforded 3‐substituted‐2‐hydroxy‐alkanephosphonates in moderate to good yields and ee value. These compounds could serve as useful chirons for the stereoselective synthesis of phosphorus analogs of biologically active molecules including R‐(—)‐3‐trimethylammonium‐2‐hydroxypropanoic acid and R‐(—)‐3‐ trimethylammonium‐2‐hydroxypropanoic acid. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:551–556, 2001