应用GC-MS/MS技术检测水果蔬菜中22种残留农药

目前,水果蔬菜生产中存在严重的滥施农药情况.水果蔬菜中常含有多种类型的残留农药,品种复杂多样.     

On-line matrix addition for detecting aerosol particles

Single aerosol particles were measured by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) with an aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS). The inlet to the ATOFMS was coupled with an evaporation/condensation flow cell that allowed matrix addition by condensation onto the particles. The coated particles entered the ion source through three-stage differentially pumped capillary inlet and were then ionized by a focused 266 nm Nd:YAG laser. The mass spectra and aerodynamic size of the single particles can be obtained simultaneously. The on-line matrix addition technique makes it possible to identify biological aerosols in real-time.     

微微秒叶绿素染料激光器的研究

本文报道用一台对撞脉冲锁模Nd:YAG激光器的三倍频光作为泵浦光源,采用超短腔结构,获得叶绿素的红色ps脉冲激光输出的装置和实验结果。研究了叶绿素a和b在各种聚合状态下输出激光波长随染料浓度的变化关系,当叶绿素a-乙醇溶液浓度为2×10~(-3)M,激光腔长<36μm时可获得单模调谐ps系列脉冲输出,激光束的发散角≈60mrad。     

A THEORETICAL APPROACH TO P_(co_2) EVOLUTION IN THE ATMOSPHERE BASED ON ASSOCIATIONS OF SEDIMENTARY MINERALS

Based on the theory of pH evolution of sea water and the balance between the seawater and the atmosphere the authors discussed the problems about (i) the method ofcalculating P_(CO_2) in the ancient atmosphere with the associations of sedimentary miner-als; (ii) the evolution of P_(CO_2) values in the geologic history; (iii) the relations of thepH evolution of sea water with carbonate precipitations; and (iv) calculation of the pHlimit for some associations of sedimentary minerals and its corresponding P_(CO_2) valuesin the atmosphere. The authors pointed out that though carbonates had deposited little in the Archaean,the content of CO_2 gas in the Archaean atmosphere was very high and was gradually go-ing up to form a thick CO_2 atmosphere. Up to 2600 Ma ago, the P_(CO_2) had reached a gradeof 10- 50 atm. There was a general trend of evolution that from the early Proterozoicera to the present the depositional horizon of carbonate layers was gradually risingand finally surpassed the horizons of clay min     

Unconventional Hamilton-type variational principles for electromagnetic elastodynamics

According to the basic idea of classical yin-yang complementarity and modern dual-complementarity, in a simple and unified new way proposed by Luo, the unconventional Hamilton-type variational principles for electromagnetic elastodynamics can be established systematically. This new variational principles can fully characterize the initial-boundary-value problem of this dynamics. In this paper, the expression of the generalized principle of virtual work for electromagnetic dynamics is given. Based on this equation, it is possible not only to obtain the principle of virtual work in electromagnetic dynamics, but also to derive systematically the complementary functionals for eleven-field, nine-field and six-field unconventional Hamilton-type variational principles for electromagnetic elastodynamics, and the potential energy functionals for four-field and three-field ones by the generalized Legendre transformation given in this paper. Furthermore, with this approach, the intrinsic relationship among various principles can be explained clearly.     

标准有限元方法模拟大气压流注等离子体中数值振荡与伪扩散问题研究与改进

基于商用软件的等离子体数值模拟方案大多是基于标准Galerkin格式的有限元方法,在计算大气压流注放电时,存在数值振荡和伪扩散的问题,计算结果可靠性不高.针对针-板体流注放电结构,构建了修正的COMSOL Multiphysics等离子体模型.修正模型与COMSOL Multiphysics内置等离子体模块的区别主要在于增加了基于弱形式的人工稳定项.利用修正模型复现了经典的雪崩-流注转捩算例,并与经典纳秒秒冲过电压针板放电实验结果进行了对比验证.结果表明,引入修正后的商用软件模型能够克服数值振荡和伪扩散缺陷,确保等离子体数值计算的准确性和可复现性.      

纳秒脉冲等离子体合成射流激励器的流场特性分析

采用一台高重频、快上升沿纳秒脉冲电源作为激励源,对典型的双电极合成射流激励器进行放电,通过粒子图像测速法（particle image velocimetry,PIV）测量放电实验中激励器稳定流场特性以及发展速度.分析实验结果发现,随着重复频率的提高,合成射流的平均发展速度也随之增大,1 kHz时的平均速度最高达到28.28 m/s,并在单脉冲能量远低于微秒脉冲的情况下,实现了更快的稳态流场控制,表明高重复频率下,更多次数的脉冲放电可提高激励总能量,有效地弥补纳秒脉冲单脉冲输出能量不足的缺点.而且频率越高,流场发展速度越快,说明高重频工作模式会对输出总能量有补偿作用.      

黑砷磷室温太赫兹探测器

由于太赫兹波与众多物质之间存在着丰富的相互作用,太赫兹技术在众多领域均有应用需求。因此,基于独特物理机制和优异材料特性的高灵敏度、便携式太赫兹探测器的研制刻不容缓。黑砷磷是一种新型二维材料,其带隙和输运特性随化学组分可调,在光电探测领域被广泛关注。目前基于黑砷磷的研究集中在红外探测方面,而对于太赫兹探测的应用未见报道。本文介绍了一种基于黑砷磷的天线耦合太赫兹探测器。实验结果表明,在探测过程中存在两种不同的探测机制,并且两者之间存在竞争关系。通过改变黑砷磷的化学组分可以定制不同的探测机制,使其达到最优响应性能。在平衡材料带隙和载流子迁移率的情况下,探测器实现了室温下对0.37 THz电磁波的灵敏探测,其电压响应度和噪声等效功率分别为28.23 V/W和0.53 nW/Hz1/2。     

低温高密核物质测量谱仪时间投影室的集团重建

低温高密核物质测量谱仪(CEE)是研究高重子数密度区核物质性质的重离子碰撞实验谱仪。使用了先进的 SAMPA 电子学读出芯片的时间投影室(TPC)是 CEE 最核心的探测器。在集团重建的过程中,同一排读出板的信号被首先重建成 2 维集团,然后根据 2 维集团的 ADC 加权平均位置重建击中点。当信号 ADC 随漂移时间变化呈峰-谷-峰结构时,一个集团可能被重建成两个或更多击中点,从而提高双径迹分辨能力。使用模拟信号的测试显示,该重建算法在$x/ y$方向可以达到0.100/0.043 cm的位置分辨能力和1.1/2.8 cm的双径迹分辨能力。     

基于飞秒激光引导高压放电的SF6分解物原位检测

气体绝缘开关设备(GIS)绝缘缺陷引发的放电会导致SF₆分解,分解产生的低氟硫化物与设备内的微量H₂O和O₂反应生成具有腐蚀性的物质,影响设备正常运行,因此,研究SF₆分解机理对GIS的安全运行具有重要意义。由于部分分解物在采样过程中发生转化,因此,实现SF₆分解物的原位检测对于研究SF₆分解机理是十分必要的。采用飞秒激光引导高压放电实现了高压放电空间和时间的精确控制,并利用飞秒激光引导高压放电产生的空间分辨光谱实现了SF₆分解物的原位测量。首先研究证明了飞秒激光不会引起SF₆的分解;其次,利用飞秒激光产生的等离子体通道实现了放电空间和时间的精确控制;最后,发现分解物中包含由于高能电子碰撞直接或间接产生的大量S和F的离子和原子。研究证明了基于飞秒激光引导高压放电可以实现SF₆分解物的原位检测,为开展高压放电下SF₆分解机理研究提供了一种新的研究手段。