广义对角占优矩阵的充分条件

广义对角占优势矩阵及M-矩阵是计算数学和矩阵理论研究的重要课题之一。本文利用α-对角占优矩阵给出了判定广义对角占优及非异M-矩阵的若干充分条件，改进了文[1]及文[2]的相应的结果，作为应用，利用矩阵分块又给矩阵非奇异若干判定条件。     

Femtosecond time-resolved difference absorption spectroscopy of all-trans-β-Apo-8′-carotenal

The femtosecond time-resolved difference absorption spectra of all-trans-βApo-8′-carotenal have been recorded and analyzed by the singular-value decomposition (SVD) method followed by global fitting using a sequential model for the excited-state energy relaxation. With this model, we have obtained the excited-state absorption spectra and the lifetimes of the corresponding excited states both in nonpolar solvent n-hexane and polar solvent methanol. Three excited states, namely S3(170fs), S2(2.32ps) and S1(26ps) in n-hexane, and two excited states S2 (190fs) and S1(9.4ps) in methanol have been observed. The excited-state absorption spectra of all-trans-β-Apo-8′-carotenal in methanol display a red shift and broadeness, while the lifetime of S1 state becomes shorter. It is proposed that these effects are related to the presence of a carbonyl functional group that leads to the solvent effect on the excited-state energy level. At the same time, it is shown that the SVD method is a useful tool in resolving the time-resolved absorption spectra.     

核药物发展小记

简要回顾了20世纪70年代以来核药物领域发展的主要成就,并对目前在临床上应用最为广泛的核药物探针[18F]FDG作了重点介绍。[18F]FDG的发展可追溯至20世纪20年代,历经半个世纪终于成功应用于临床,在肿瘤、神经退行性疾病、心血管疾病的诊断中发挥了巨大作用。除此以外,本文也介绍了多肽类及蛋白类核药物的最新进展。在梳理核药物发展脉络的同时,本文也借此机会向读者介绍了几位为核药物发展做出巨大贡献的科学家,并作为晚辈向其致以崇高的敬意。最终,笔者希望向读者阐明核药物研究立足基础研究、面向临床问题的学科特色,也希望读者能通过对经典核药物发展脉络的了解,对自身的科学研究有所启发。     

In situ formation of Ni nanoparticles supported on NiFe2O4 by calcination

Ni/NiFe₂O₄ composites have been successfully prepared by calcination at 400°C in air of the mixture K₃[Fe(ox)₃]·2.5H₂O and NiCl₂·6H₂O with a molar ratio of 0.7-2. The products are featured by the Ni crystallite size of 15-34 nm, BET surface area of 23-41 m²/g and variable Ni loadings. TGA and FTIR results indicate in situ generation of CO molecules from decomposition of K₃[Fe(ox)₃]·2.5H₂O. These in situ generated CO molecules account for the formation of Ni nanoparticles by reduction of Ni(II) ions.     

Chiral Lewis acid-bonded picolinaldehyde enables enantiodivergent carbonyl catalysis in the Mannich/condensation reaction of glycine ester

A new strategy of asymmetric carbonyl catalysis via a chiral Lewis acid-bonded aldehyde has been developed for the direct Mannich/condensation cascade reaction of glycine ester with aromatic aldimines. The co-catalytic system of 2-picolinaldehyde and chiral Yb^III-N,N′-dioxides was identified to be efficient under mild conditions, providing a series of trisubstituted imidazolidines in moderate to good yields with high diastereo- and enantioselectivities. Enantiodivergent synthesis was achieved via changing the sub-structures of the chiral ligands. The reaction could be carried out in a three-component version involving glycine ester, aldehydes, and anilines with equally good results. Based on control experiments, the X-ray crystal structure study and theoretical calculations, a possible dual-activation mechanism and stereo-control modes were provided to elucidate carbonyl catalysis and enantiodivergence.

The catalytic asymmetric Mannich/condensation of glycine ester with aldimines was achieved by merging chiral N,N′-dioxide/Yb^III complex Lewis acid catalysis/carbonyl catalysis under mild condition.     

气相双原子分子自交换电子转移过程中重组能与活化能的相关分析

基于电子转移过程中的基本特征，提出了标度电子转移过程活化能和重组能的两种精确确定方案，并利用有关实验光谱数据拟合的精确势函数对气相双原子分子自交换过程的能量指标进行了确定．分析表明势能面的非谐性修正是重要的，该方案是合理的，所得结果吻合较好，并证明了重组能与活化能并不存在简单的４倍关系．     

粒子隧道几率的一种新形式

基于二阶线型微分方程的多个任意阶转向点，建立了粒子进入或跳出势垒或势井时状态波函数的连结公式，导出了粒子穿过势垒的隧道几率公式，并利用严格的数学方法讨论了粒子进入势井时的量子化条件。该公式可合理地还原到一阶转向点情况，并与早期利用一阶转向点近似所推导出的公式相一致。     

2,4,6-三亚胺基-N,N′,N〃-三(2-硝基苯并氧化呋咱)-1,3,5-三嗪的合成

高能量密度材料(HEDM)指用作炸药、推进剂、发射药和火工品的高能量组分的化合物。这类材料几乎见用于所有战略和战术武器系统。一个氧化呋咱代替一个硝基,会使密度提高0.06～0.08g/cm~3,爆速增加300m/s左右。杂环体系的引入,由于分子内微扰作用,使原子轨道的组合大大优于碳环体系,因为额外的电荷密度带来的稳定化能,使含能材料的耐热性提高,冲击感度下降。在分子中引入亚氨基,可因分子间氢键形成而增大晶格能。为了利用这些优势,本文合成了标题化合物,它仅有三个仲氨氢原子,具有较好的负氧平衡,少氢钝感,是