超声波信号渡越时间参数法测量空气中温度分布

超声波已成功在医疗、化工和无损探伤等领域得到广泛的应用。根据超声波在空气中的传播速度会随着温度改变而改变这一特点,本文把空气中的温度场作为研究对象,利用超声波信号在空气中的渡越时间参数TOF(Time of Flight)来对空气中的温度分布情况进行超声波CT画像的重建。     

Study on the single crystal growth of concentration gradient Ce:YAP rod and the dopant concentration dependence on the scintillation properties

Micro-pulling down (μ-PD) method allows to prepare single crystals quickly and relatively inexpensively. Since it is a melt growth and taking into account segregation phenomena, the μ-PD method allows also to obtain single crystals characterized by dopant concentration gradients. Especially, taking the advantage of the grown crystal high aspect ratio, it allows to prepare crystalline samples with variable and wide range concentrations of dopants. These samples can help in understanding the correlation between dopant concentration and luminescence properties.     

Maximization of the total population in a reaction–diffusion model with logistic growth

This paper is concerned with a nonlinear optimization problem that naturally arises in population biology. We consider the effect of spatial heterogeneity on the total population of a biological species at a steady state, using a reaction–diffusion logistic model. Our objective is to maximize the total population when resources are distributed in the habitat to control the intrinsic growth rate, but the total amount of resources is limited. It is shown that under some conditions, any local maximizer must be of “bang–bang” type, which gives a partial answer to the conjecture addressed by Ding et al. (Nonlinear Anal Real World Appl 11(2):688–704, 2010). To this purpose, we compute the first and second variations of the total population. When the growth rate is not of bang–bang type, it is shown in some cases that the first variation becomes nonzero and hence the resource distribution is not a local maximizer. When the first variation becomes zero, we prove that the second variation is positive. These results implies that the bang–bang property is essential for the maximization of total population.     

Thermal Conductivity of poly-p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole Film along the In-Plane Axis in the 10–300 K Temperature Range

The thermal conductivities of compression molded thin films of poly-p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole (PBO) were measured in directions along an in-plane axis in the 10–300?K temperature range by a steady-state heat flow method, with interest in the use of the material for superconductivity applications. The thermal conductivities of the PBO films increased from 0.3?W/mK to 9.0?W/mK with increasing temperature from 10?K to 300?K and these were much higher than those of polyimide films, epoxy resin and glass fiber reinforced plastics at all temperatures. The 9.0?W/mK at 300?K was 60% of that of stainless steel (SUS304). It was 6?W/mK at 150?K, which was half that of SUS304 and was 3.3?W/mK at 77?K, which was 33% of that of SUS304. The thermal conductivities of the PBO films were lower than those of a cloth of high strength ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber reinforced plastics in the 30?K–180?K temperature range and were almost equivalent to its values in the 180?K–300?K temperature range. The main contribution to the thermal conduction in the PBO films was from thermal phonon conduction along the molecular chains. Although many kinds of high thermal conductivity polymeric materials have been prepared by a uni-directional drawing process or by adding high thermal conductive additives, the PBO film showed high thermal conductivity without a uni-directional drawing process or high thermal conductive additive.     

Whittaker Vector of Deformed Virasoro Algebra and Macdonald Symmetric Functions

We give a proof of Awata and Yamada’s conjecture for the explicit formula of Whittaker vector of the deformed Virasoro algebra realized in the Fock space. The formula is expressed as a summation over Macdonald symmetric functions with factored coefficients. In the proof, we fully use currents appearing in the Fock representation of Ding–Iohara–Miki quantum algebra.     

Algorithm for in vitro Sun Protection Factor based on transmission spectrum measurement with concomitant evaluation of photostability

In the in vitro evaluation of Sun Protection Factor (SPF), the photostability of the ultraviolet (UV) filters can have a major impact, especially for high-SPF formulations, but is generally not taken into consideration. In this study, we present a UV transmission spectrum measurement system utilizing a high-sensitivity UV photomultiplier tube with concomitant evaluation of photostability. We have developed an algorithm to estimate SPF in vitro by converting the amount of UV light transmission through the sunscreen layer into cumulative relative erythema effectiveness to obtain one minimal erythema dose. Thus, the algorithm uses the same endpoint as in vivo SPF methods, but with a photomultiplier tube as the detector instead of skin. The values obtained showed an excellent correlation with in vivo SPF values, even for high-SPF sunscreens exceeding SPF 50. This method should be suitable as an in vitro SPF testing method for regulatory purposes.     

Simultaneous Measurement of Individual ATPase and Mechanical Reactions by a Single Myosin Molecule at Work

Based on techniques for single molecule imaging and nanomanipulation by optical tweezers, we have developed a new technique that allows simultaneous measurement of individual ATPase and mechanical reactions from a single myosin molecule during force generation. We show how the ATPase reaction couples to the mechanical reaction directly at the single molecule level. The results show that the myosin head can produce force even after releasing the bound nucleotide, probably ADP, suggesting that the chemical energy driven by ATP hydrolysis can be hysteretically stored in the myosin molecule. This view does not support a widely accepted hypothesis in which the force generation is tightly coupled to ligand dissociation.This paper was originally presented as an invited paper at the seventh Meeting on Near Field Optics, which was held on July 1, 1998 at Nagoya University, Nagoya, organized by the Research Group on Near Field Optics of the Optical Society of Japan, an affiliate of the Japan Society of Applied Physics.     

Stabilization and translation of immobilized mRNA on latex beads for cell-free protein synthesis system

The stability of immobilized mRNA against ribonucleases was investigated in a cell-free protein synthesis system. The plasmid-encoding protein A with the 20-mer poly(A) tail under the control of T7 promoter was constructed, and the corresponding mRNA was synthesized by T7 RNA polymerase reaction. The resulting mRNA was immobilized on oligo(dT)-immobilized latex beads by hybridization utilizing the poly(A) tail of mRNA at the 3'-terminus. The mRNA was stabilized against three types of nucleases (3'-OH exonuclease, 5'-OH exonuclease, and endonuclease) by immobilization. Translation of immobilized mRNA with a continuous-flow cell-free protein-synthesizing system from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was ascertained. Reusability of the immobilized mRNA as genetic information was also examined.