烯碳纤维基能源器件的研究进展

纤维状能源器件的研究极大地推动了可穿戴电子设备的快速发展。烯碳纤维主要包括碳纳米管纤维和石墨烯纤维,其微观组成单元具有独特的碳碳共轭分子形态,宏观结构具有高度可调控性,表现出高的比强度、优良的导电性和导热性、以及良好的机械柔韧性等,被广泛应用于先进能源器件的研究和开发,有效促进了柔性可穿戴电子器件的发展。本文综述了烯碳纤维基能源器件包括能量转换和储能器件等的研究和应用进展,具体介绍了烯碳纤维基太阳能电池、湿气发电机、热电发电机、超级电容器以及电化学电池等的最新成果,重点讨论了烯碳纤维基能源器件的制备方法和可穿戴应用,分析了烯碳纤维基储能及能量转换器件面临的问题和挑战,期望能够为未来高性能纤维基可穿戴能源器件的发展提供有价值的研究思路。     

基于智能手机的即时检测

新冠肺炎疫情的爆发使人们对即时检测(POCT)的需求不断增加,而智能手机作为目前人类最离不开的工具,在POCT中具有巨大的应用潜力。基于智能手机的POCT有以下独特的优点:(1)操作简单,不需要专业培训;(2)无需长时间等待,可以及时获得测试结果;(3)制作成本低,有利于在资源有限地区使用。因此,基于智能手机的POCT正迅速成为传统实验室检测的潜在替代方法。在这里,我们以POCT所检测的对象(体液、挥发性有机化合物、生命体征)为分类的基础,并结合目前主流的传感策略,包括比色技术、荧光技术、电化学技术、压电传感、热电传感、超声传感、光电传感等,对近三年基于智能手机的传感器在POCT中的应用进行了全面的回顾。我们评估了这些传感器的性能以及发展潜力,此外,还介绍了POCT中使用的新兴技术,如纳米技术、柔性电子器件、微流体技术、生物可降解技术、自供能技术、多路检测等。最后,总结了目前基于智能手机的POCT面临的问题,并对其未来的发展进行了展望。     

Task-specific ionic liquids for carbon dioxide absorption and conversion into value-added products

Ionic liquids (ILs), by virtue of their special properties such as functional designability and high thermal stability, have been widely used as absorbent to CO₂ and catalyst for CO₂ conversion. This review summarizes the recent developments from 2019 to 2021 on task-specific ionic liquids (TSILs) with modulable properties by introducing specific functional groups to anions or/and cations for CO₂ absorption and conversion. The increase of basicity in TSILs by introducing amino/or amine groups or collaboration with multiple active sites of carboxyl, imidazolyl, pyridyl, and hydroxyl groups achieve high CO₂ affinity and absorption capacity. To solve the defects of high viscosity, ether groups are introduced to TSILs for CO₂ absorption. Besides, recent studies on CO₂ thermal catalytic conversion focused on the construction of C–O bonds and C–N bonds are also summarized. The catalytic activity of TSILs is enhanced by improving the synergy effect of different functional groups on anions and cations. It is expected that this minireview will provide the understanding of the current developments and perspective for practical CO₂ absorption and transformation by TSILs.     

圆极化波反射聚焦超表面

基于圆极化波入射条件下的高效同极化反射超表面实现了对圆极化反射波相位的自由调控, 设计了一维圆极化波反射聚焦超表面. 在中心频率f=16 GHz附近, 右旋圆极化平面波入射时, 反射波聚焦于焦距L=200 mm的实焦点; 左旋圆极化波入射时, 反射波近似聚焦于焦距L=-200 mm的虚焦点. 仿真计算得到聚焦波束的波束宽度、焦深. 结果表明, 这种圆极化反射聚焦超表面具有很好的聚焦效果, 同时具有长焦深和宽带特性.     

Comparative studies for different proximity potentials applied to α decay

The European Physical Journal A - The energy-weighted integrated cross-section for photon absorption --known as sum rule $ \sigma_{-1}$ -- is under certain conditions proportional to the mean...     

One‐pot Synthesis of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Co‐doped Graphene and Its Use as High‐performance Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

In this study, N,P co‐doped graphene (NPG) was prepared by a one‐step pyrolysis using a mixture of graphene oxide and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP), in which HCCP was used as both the N and P source. Furthermore, it is shown that NPG electrodes, as efficient metal‐free electrocatalysts, have a high onset potential, high current density, and long‐term stability for the oxygen reduction reaction.     

Photoinitiated crosslinking of EPDM/inorganic filler blends and characterization of related properties

<正>Photoinitiated crosslinking of ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer(EPDM) blends filled with calcium carbonate, talc and calcined kaolin(CK) in the presence of benzil dimethyl ketal as photoinitiator and trimethylolpropane triacrylate as crosslinker and their related properties have been studied by different analytical methods.The results from gel content and heat extension determination show that the efficiency of photocrosslinking of EPDM increases with increasing the content of diene and its molecular weight.The EPDM blends with 100 phr different inorganic fillers can be photocrosslinked to gel content of above 60%by 5 s UV-irradiation under optimum conditions.Under the same conditions of irradiation,the orders of photocrosslinking rate and final gel content are EPDM/CaCO_3EPDM/talcEPDM/CK.The data from thermogravimetric analysis,dynamic mechanical thermal analysis,electrical properties,mechanical tests and scanning electron microscopy show that UV irradiation crosslinking apparently enhances the thermal stability,mechanical properties and electrical properties of the photocrosslinked EPDM/inorganic filler samples.Although the attenuated total-reflection FTIR data show that inorganic fillers can promote the surface photo-oxidation of EPDM/inorganic filler samples with increasing the irradiation time,the above related properties of the photocrosslinked EPDM blends irradiated within 5 s are enough to satisfy many applications in the cable industry.     

三维有序大孔交联聚苯乙烯的功能化及其吸附性能

本研究采用二氧化硅胶体晶模板法制备了孔径为890nm的三维有序大孔交联聚苯乙烯(3DOMCLPS),通过亲核取代反应将亲水性悬臂(二缩三乙二醇,TEG)接枝到3DOMCLPS孔壁,利用TEG另一端的活性羟基,将2-巯基苯并噻唑(MBZ)引入到TEG链段末端.利用红外光谱及元素分析对产物进行了表征.扫描电镜分析表明功能化后的3DOMCLPS保留了结构有序、孔与孔之间相互连通的微观结构特点.测定了该功能化3DOMCLPS对Ag+和Hg2+离子的饱和吸附容量,饱和吸附容量分别为0.78和0.39mmol/g.研究了不同温度下的吸附动力学,相互连通的有序大孔结构有利于引入长链亲水性悬臂,促进孔内外的物质交换.     

Spin-Hamiltonian parameters and angular distortion for the trigonal Nd3+ center in congruent LiNbO3

The 52 × 52 energy matrix related to the ground multiplet ⁴I_9/2 and the first to third excited multiplets ⁴I_11/2, ⁴I_13/2 and ⁴I_15/2 for 4f³ ions in trigonal crystal field under an external magnetic field is established. By diagonalizing the energy matrix, the spin-Hamiltonian parameters (g factor g_//, g_⊥ and hyperfine structure constants ¹⁴³A_//, ¹⁴³A_⊥, ¹⁴⁵A_//, ¹⁴⁵A_⊥) of the trigonal Nd³⁺ center in congruent LiNbO₃ crystal are calculated. The calculated results are in reasonable agreement with the experimental values. From the calculations, the negative signs of hyperfine structure constants are suggested and the angular distortion of the trigonal Nd³⁺ center in LiNbO₃, which is unable to be determined by EXAFS measurement, is obtained. The results are discussed.     

Photocrosslinking of EVA/inorganic filler blends and characteristics of related properties

The blends of EVA filled with talc, calcium carbonate, and glass ball (GB) have been photocrosslinked by UV irradiation in the presence of benzophenone (BP) as a photoinitiator and triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) as a crosslinker. The various factors affecting the crosslinking process and the related properties have been studied by gel determination, heat extension test, mechanical and thermal aging test, UV spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the EVA/talc, EVA/CaCO₃, and EVA/GB samples of 1 mm thickness filled with 25 phr inorganic filler can be photocrosslinked to gel content of above 70 wt% by 5 sec UV‐irradiation under optimum conditions, which is sufficient for some applications of EVA blend materials. The crosslinking rate and final gel content level are in the order of EVA/GB > EVA/talc > EVA/CaCO₃. The data from mechanical and thermal aging tests give evidence that the photocrosslinked EVA/talc, EVA/CaCO₃, and EVA/GB samples are of much better tensile strength and thermal aging properties than those of the unphotocrosslinked ones. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.