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Collective behaviour of climate indices in the North Pacific airben sea system and its potential relationships with decadal climate changes 下载免费PDF全文
A climate network of six climate indices of the North Pacific air-sea system is constructed during the period of 1948-2009. In order to find out the inherent relationship between the intrinsic mechanism of climate index network and the important climate shift, the synchronization behaviour and the coupling behaviour of these indices are investigated. Results indicate that climate network synchronization happened around the beginning of the 1960s, in the middle of the 1970s and at the beginnings of the 1990s and the 2000s separately. These synchronization states were always followed by the decrease of the coupling coefficient. Each synchronization of the network was well associated with the abrupt phase or trend changes of annually accumulated abnormal values of North Pacific sea-surface temperature and 500-hPa height, among which the one that happened in the middle of the 1970s is the most noticeable climate shift. We can also obtain this mysterious shift from the first mode of the empirical orthogonal function of six indices. That is to say, abrupt climate shift in North Pacific air-sea system is not only shown by the phase or trend changes of climate indices, but also might be indicated by the synchronizing and the coupling of climate indices. Furthermore, at the turning point of 1975, there are also abrupt correlation changes in the yearly mode of spatial degree distribution of the sea surface temperature and 500-hPa height in the region of the North Pacific, which further proves the probability of climate index synchronization and coupling shift in air-sea systems. 相似文献
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目前,大多数统计预测模型均假设时间序列或观测数据是线性和平稳的。然而,自然界的观测资料是非线性和非平稳的,通常很难用这些数学模型预测它们。本文针对这一问题提出了一个新的预测方案,即首先利用经验模态分解方法将非线性/非平稳时间序列平稳化,得到一系列本征模函数(IMF);其次用均生函数模型预测各IMF分量;最后以所有IMF的预测值为新样本对源序列作最优子集回归模型的拟合及预测。结果表明每个IMF,尤其是特征IMF(即特征层次)比源序列有更高的可预测性。该方案为气候预测开辟了一条新的有效途径。 相似文献
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Ya-Zheng Zhang Qian Yang Shao-Jian Huang Zi-Ping Luo Wen-Ping Li Li-Chun Dong 《Chemical Papers》2013,67(6):586-593
Synthesis of the fragrant compound Calone 1951® from 4-methyl catechol and methyl bromoacetate entails three successive reactions: the Williamson reaction, Dieckmann condensation, and hydrolysis-decarboxylation reaction. In this paper, the synthesis of 4-methylcatechol dimethylacetate (MCDA) via the Williamson reaction by adding KI as catalyst was investigated. It was found that the addition of an appropriate amount of KI can significantly increase the product yield due to generation of methyl iodoacetate via the reaction between KI and methyl bromoacetate. The synthesised MCDA as well as Calone 1951® were first characterised by melting points, HPLC, IR, and NMR analyses. Next, the effect of the key operating factors on MCDA synthesis by the Williamson reaction was investigated and the optimum operating conditions were obtained via a group of orthogonal experiments. The verification experiments demonstrated that, under the optimum operating conditions, the MCDA yield could be increased from 78.5 % to 95.4 % by the addition of an appropriate amount of KI; the corresponding yield of Calone 1951® increased to 68 %. 相似文献
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尽管GaN基蓝绿光发光二极管(LED)已进入大规模商品化阶段,但其发光波长随注入电流的变化仍是一个尚未解决的关键技术难题.同时,蓝绿光LED电注入发光光谱的半高全宽多为25nm以上.通过优化LED器件材料的生长条件和总应变量,获得了高质量的InGaN/GaN多量子阱LED外延片.由此制作的LED器件在0—120?mA的注入电流下,发光波长变化小于1nm.在20mA的正向电流下,其光谱半高全宽只有18nm,且随注入电流变化较小.
关键词:
GaN
发光二极管
波长稳定性 相似文献
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A miniature cylindrical ion trap mass spectrometer (CIT-MS) equipped with an inexpensive mechanical pump was constructed, and used to measure the masses of cells and microparticles generated by laser induced acoustic desorption ionization. Compared with a previous lab scale quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer (QIT-MS), the novel miniature CIT-MS had smaller volume (the radius r(0)=5 mm), simpler ion trap fabrication and overall instrument construction, required a lower trapping voltage, and reduced the weight, power and cost of the instrument. The CIT-MS was calibrated using standard polystyrene beads of 2.982 μm diameter. The CIT-MS was used to measure the total dry weight of human red blood cells (RBCs) from a healthy female adult (2.12×10(13) Da) and a patient with anemia (1.35×10(13) Da). The coefficient of variance (CV) for the healthy individual was 21% and that for the patient was 30.4%. The CIT-MS was also applied to guinea pig RBCs and the total dry weight was determined as 1.34×10(13) Da with a CV of 37.9%. These measurements are consistent with previous QIT-MS measurements. The new miniaturized instrument has potential for applications in field-portable, biological and aerosol analysis. 相似文献
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Gui-Fang Shan Xue Gong Wen-Ping Chen Long Chen Mei-Fang Zhu 《Colloid and polymer science》2011,289(9):1005-1014
The effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the crystallization behavior of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)
(PHBV) has been investigated. The results have shown that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) act as an effective heterogeneous nucleation
agent, inducing an increase in crystallinity and crystallite sizes. Comparing with the double melting peaks in pure PHBV,
there is only one peak in the melting curves of nanocomposites. The isothermal crystallization kinetics of PHBV and its nanocomposite
containing 0.5% CNTs were examined based on Avrami equation, indicating that the crystallization half-time decreases while
the overall crystallization rate k increases dramatically with CNTs addition. The spherulitic nucleation and growth kinetics were also discussed grounded on
Lauritzen–Hoffman equation. It is found that there is a spherulitic growth rates (G) maximum within selected temperature range in our study. Also, the temperatures corresponding to G maximum shift to a high level with addition of CNTs. The parameters of the equilibrium melting temperature Tm0 T_m^0 , the nucleation parameter K
g
, the lateral surface free energy σ, the fold surface free energy σ
e
, and the work of chain folding q of PHBV and its composite containing 0.5% CNTs were all calculated. The reductions of K
g
, σ
e
and q values of nanocomposite are in agreement with the fact that the crystallization rate of PHBV increases greatly by addition
of CNTs. 相似文献