Charge partition probabilities in the 32S + 27Al reaction at 37.5 MeV/nucleon analysed using the Boltzmann distribution

We apply the Boltzmann distribution to charge partition probabilities measured with the AMPHORA multidetector in the reaction ³²S + ²⁷Al at 37.5 MeV/ nucleon. Approximate corrections to the data for pre-equilibrium emission are made and modifications to the basic formalism due to detection e?ciency and evaporation are treated explicitly. The data are well reproduced with a temperature of 5.0 MeV and a freeze-out volume which corresponds to densities which are 20 times smaller than normal density.     

High-performance liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of oligosaccharides from enzymatic digestion of glycosaminoglycans. Application to human samples.

Glycosaminoglycan contents were evaluated in plasma and urine samples from volunteers treated intravenously with a mixture of dermatan sulphate and heparin, combining a novel liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric technique for the determination of oligosaccharides from glycosaminoglycans with a classical technique for the extraction of glycosaminoglycans from biological samples (precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride). In plasma samples dermatan sulphate and heparin can be measured for 2 h after treatment; urine excretion was detectable for 24 h. These results suggest that this novel approach is promising for future studies on the pharmacokinetics of glycosaminoglycans, although some technical aspects need further improvement, mainly regarding the procedures for sample clean-up; cetylpiridinium precipitation is a complex procedure and the recovery is limited.     

Numerical inversion of the Laplace transform by the use of Pollaczek polynomials

Summary In this paper we expose a new method for inverting the Laplace transform. It is based on the use of Pollaczek polynomials. The question of ill-posedness, connected with the inversion of the Laplace transform, is discussed. Many numerical examples are shown and the question of instability, due to noise, is investigated.

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Riassunto In qesto lavoro esponiamo un nuovo metodo d'inversione numerica della transformata di Laplace per mezzo dei polinomi di Pollaczek. Discutiamo ampiamente la questione dell'instabilità dovuta al fatto che l'inversione della transformata di Laplace è un problema non ben posto nel senso di Hadamard. I risultati ottenuti sono illustrati con molti esempi numerici.

     

Causal loop diagrams as a de-escalation technique

Escalation of commitment, the tendency of decision makers to keep on investing in losing courses of action, has been shown to be a costly decision bias that affects many areas of decision making. Even though escalation is a widely studied phenomenon, there has been comparatively little research on how to avoid this bias. The present study focuses on de-escalation of commitment and proposes that causal loop diagrams (CLDs) can help to decrease escalating commitment to a failing course of action. By means of an experiment, this study shows that using a CLD decreases escalation tendencies.     

Synthesis and Diels-Alder Reactions of a New Kind of Chiral Dienophiles: Cyclic Vinyl-p-tolylsulfilimines

A new kind of chiral dienophiles, cyclic vinyl-p-tolylsulfilimines (2a and 2b), were obtained from the corresponding (Z)-sulfinylacrylonitriles with HBF(4) and methanol. The asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction of optically pure 2a with cyclopentadiene under mild thermal or catalyzed conditions afforded only the endo-4a adduct with complete endo and pi-facial selectivities. The ability of the sulfilimine moiety to enhance the dienophilic reactivity of the double bond is similar to that of the sulfinyl group.