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Mark Lynch 《International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science & Technology》2013,44(2):268-269
Define the centre of a parallelogram to be the intersection of its diagonals. It was shown in an earlier paper that the intersection of arbitrarily many parallelograms with the same centre is the unit disc about that centre in a metric defined using ideas from Linear Algebra. In this note, it is shown that this characterizes compact, convex sets, which are symmetric about a point. 相似文献
3.
Apeng Chen Joann J. Lu Congying Gu Min Zhang Kyle B. Lynch Shaorong Liu 《Analytica chimica acta》2015
Toward developing a micro HPLC cartridge, we have recently built a high-pressure electroosmotic pump (EOP). However, we do not recommend people to use this pump to deliver an organic solvent directly, because it often makes the pump rate unstable. We have experimented several approaches to address this issue, but none of them are satisfactory. Here, we develop an innovative approach to address this issue. We first create an abruption (a dead-volume) within a fluid conduit. We then utilize an EOP to withdraw, via a selection valve, a train of eluent solutions having decreasing eluting power into the fluid conduit. When these solutions are further aspirated through the dead-volume, these solutions are partially mixed, smoothening concentration transitions between two adjacent eluent solutions. As these solutions are pushed back, through the dead-volume again, a smooth gradient profile is formed. In this work, we characterize this scheme for gradient formation, and we incorporate this approach with a high-pressure EOP, a nanoliter injection valve, and a capillary column, yielding a micro HPLC system. We then couple this micro HPLC with an electrospray ionization – mass spectrometer for peptide and protein separations and identifications. 相似文献
4.
Kyung Min Lee Brandon M. Lynch Paul Luchette Timothy J. White 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2014,52(6):876-882
The photomechanical response and photochemistry of a conventional, unsubstituted azobenzene‐functionalized liquid crystalline polymer network (azo‐LCN) is contrasted to that of an analogous material prepared with meta‐fluorinated azobenzene chromophores. The polydomain azo‐LCN materials exhibit nearly identical thermomechanical and optical properties. Photomechanical characterization indicates that the fluorination of the azobenzene chromophore reduces the deflection of cantilevers composed of the materials by 50%, which spectroscopic analysis reveals is due to a reduction in the ability of this material to isomerize and potentially reorient. This work is further confirmation that the underlying photochemistry of azobenzene is a primary contributor to the generation of photomechanical work in these materials. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 876–882 相似文献
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Dr. Kuppuswamy Arumugam C. Daniel Varnado Jr. Dr. Stephen Sproules Dr. Vincent M. Lynch Prof. Dr. Christopher W. Bielawski 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2013,19(33):10866-10875
High yielding syntheses of 1‐(ferrocenylmethyl)‐3‐mesitylimidazolium iodide ( 1 ) and 1‐(ferrocenylmethyl)‐3‐mesitylimidazol‐2‐ylidene ( 2 ) were developed. Complexation of 2 to [{Ir(cod)Cl}2] (cod=cis,cis‐1,5‐cyclooctadiene) or [Ru(PCy3)Cl2(?CH‐o‐O‐iPrC6H4)] (Cy=cyclohexyl) afforded 3 ([Ir( 2 )(cod)Cl]) and 5 ([Ru( 2 )Cl2(?CH‐o‐O‐iPrC6H4)]), respectively. Complex 4 ([Ir( 2 )(CO)2Cl]) was obtained by bubbling carbon monoxide through a solution of 3 in CH2Cl2. Spectroelectrochemical IR analysis of 4 revealed that the oxidation of the ferrocene moiety in 2 significantly reduced the electron‐donating ability of the N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand (ΔTEP=9 cm?1; TEP=Tolman electronic parameter). The oxidation of 5 with [Fe(η5‐C5H4COMe)Cp][BF4] as well as the subsequent reduction of the corresponding product [ 5 ][BF4] with decamethylferrocene (Fc*) each proceeded in greater than 95 % yield. Mössbauer, UV/Vis and EPR spectroscopy analysis confirmed that [ 5 ][BF4] contained a ferrocenium species, indicating that the iron center was selectively oxidized over the ruthenium center. Complexes 5 and [ 5 ][BF4] were found to catalyze the ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) of diethyl diallylmalonate with observed pseudo‐first‐order rate constants (kobs) of 3.1×10?4 and 1.2×10?5 s?1, respectively. By adding suitable oxidants or reductants over the course of a RCM reaction, complex 5 was switched between different states of catalytic activity. A second‐generation N‐heterocyclic carbene that featured a 1′,2′,3′,4′,5′‐ pentamethylferrocenyl moiety ( 10 ) was also prepared and metal complexes containing this ligand were found to undergo iron‐centered oxidations at lower potentials than analogous complexes supported by 2 (0.30–0.36 V vs. 0.56–0.62 V, respectively). Redox switching experiments using [Ru( 10 )Cl2(?CH‐o‐O‐iPrC6H4)] revealed that greater than 94 % of the initial catalytic activity was restored after an oxidation–reduction cycle. 相似文献
7.
Margriet V. D. Z. Park Iseult Lynch Sonia Ram��rez-Garc��a Kenneth A. Dawson Liset de la Fonteyne Eric Gremmer Wout Slob Jacob J. Bried�� Andreas Elsaesser C. Vyvyan Howard Henk van Loveren Wim H. de Jong 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2011,13(12):6775-6787
The biological response to four well-characterized amorphous silica nanoparticles was investigated in RAW 264.7 macrophages in view of their potential application as drug carriers to sites of inflammation. All silica nanoparticles-induced cell membrane damage, reduced metabolic activity, generated ROS and released various cytokines, but to different extents. Two silica nanoparticles of 34 nm (A and B) with different zetapotentials were more cytotoxic than (aggregated) 11 and 248 nm nanoparticles, while cytokines were mostly induced by the (aggregated) 11 nm and only one of the 34 nm nanoparticles (34A). The results indicate that specific silica nanoparticles may have counterproductive effects, for example when used as carriers of anti-inflammatory drugs. The physicochemical properties determining the response of nanoparticles vary for different responses, implying that a screening approach for the safe development of nanoparticles needs to consider the role of combinations of (dynamic) physicochemical properties and needs to include multiple toxicity endpoints. 相似文献
8.
Naphthocrown‐Strapped Calix[4]pyrroles: Formation of Self‐Assembled Structures by Ion‐Pair Recognition 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Sung Kuk Kim Hong Gyu Lee Dr. Gabriela I. Vargas‐Zúñiga Dr. Vincent M. Lynch Prof. Dr. Cheal Kim Prof. Dr. Jonathan L. Sessler 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2014,20(37):11750-11759
A new approach to the construction of self‐assembled structures is reported that is based on ion‐pair recognition. Towards this end, the calix[4]pyrrole naphthocrown‐4 hybrid structures 2 and 3 were prepared. These multitopic receptors contain recognition sites for both anions and cations. On the basis of solution‐phase 1H NMR spectroscopic analysis and solid‐state single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction structural studies, it was established that receptors 2 and 3 are able to bind specific ion pairs with high selectivity via different binding modes. In the case of CsF and CsCl, the ion‐pair complexes formed from receptors 2 and 3 were found to self‐assemble to produce either linear supramolecular polymeric crystalline solids or nanotube‐like cyclic hexamers depending on the specific choice of ion pairs and crystallization solvents. Proton NMR studies provided evidence for solution‐phase self‐association in organic media. 相似文献
9.
Hadley A. Iliff Diane L. Lynch Evangelia Kotsikorou Patricia H. Reggio 《Journal of computational chemistry》2011,32(10):2119-2126
The cannabinoid CB1 receptor is a class A G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) that is the most widely expressed GPCR in the brain. Many GPCRs contain allosteric binding sites for endogenous and/or synthetic ligands, which are topographically distinct from the agonist‐binding site that is known as the orthosteric site. While both endogenous and synthetic ligands that act at the CB1 orthosteric site have been known for some time, compounds that act at a CB1 allosteric site have only recently been discovered. The most studied of these is 5‐chloro‐3‐ethyl‐1H‐indole‐2‐carboxylic acid [2‐(4‐piperidin‐1‐ylphenyl)ethyl]amide (Org27569). Because allosteric ligands are thought to act through conformational changes in the receptor that are transmitted from the allosteric to the orthosteric site, computational studies of the structural and dynamic interactions of Org27569 with the CB1 receptor are crucial to achieve a molecular level understanding of the basis of action of this important new class of compounds. To date, such computational studies have not been possible due to the lack of a complete set of molecular mechanics force field parameters for Org27569. Here, we present the development of missing CHARMM force field parameters for Org27569 using previously published methods and the validation and application of these new parameters using normal mode analysis and molecular dynamics simulations combined with experimental infrared measurements. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011 相似文献
10.
A convenient and efficient four step synthesis of 2-methyl-5-(methylthio)benzothiazole is presented. 相似文献