Hyperreflexivity and operator ideals

Suppose (B,β) is an operator ideal, and A is a linear space of operators between Banach spaces X and Y. Modifying the classical notion of hyperreflexivity, we say that A is called B-hyperreflexive if there exists a constant C such that, for any T∈B(X,Y) with α=supβ(qTi)<∞ (the supremum runs over all isometric embeddings i into X, and all quotient maps of Y, satisfying qAi=0), there exists a∈A, for which β(T−a)?Cα. In this paper, we give examples of B-hyperreflexive spaces, as well as of spaces failing this property. In the last section, we apply SE-hyperreflexivity of operator algebras (SE is a regular symmetrically normed operator ideal) to constructing operator spaces with prescribed families of completely bounded maps.     

Birefringence induced by pp-wave modes in an electromagnetically active dynamic aether

The European Physical Journal C - We calculate the corrections for constant radial magnetic field in muon $${g}-2$$ and electric-dipole-moment experiments in storage rings. While the correction is...     

Stochastic Description of Traffic Flow

We propose a traffic model based on microscopic stochastic dynamics. We built a Markov chain equipped with an Arrhenius interaction law. The resulting stochastic process is comprised of both spin-flip and spin-exchange dynamics which models vehicles exiting, entering and interacting in a two-dimensional lattice environment corresponding to a multi-lane highway. The process is further equipped with a novel look-ahead type, anisotropic interaction potential which allows drivers/vehicles to ascertain local fluctuations and advance to new cells forward or sideways. The resulting vehicular traffic model is simulated via kinetic Monte Carlo and examined under both, typical and extreme traffic flow scenarios. The model is shown to correctly predict both qualitative as well as quantitative traffic observables for any highway geometry. Furthermore it also captures interesting multi-scale phenomena in traffic flows after a simulated accident which lead to oscillatory, dissipating, traffic waves with different periods per lane.     

Light intensification towards the Schwinger limit

A method to generate ultrahigh intense electromagnetic fields is suggested, based on the laser pulse compression, carrier frequency upshift, and focusing by a counterpropagating breaking plasma wave, relativistic flying parabolic mirror. This method allows us to achieve the quantum electrodynamics critical field (Schwinger limit) with present-day laser systems.     

Sliding spark spectroscopy — a new excitation source for generating atomic emission spectra for analysis

In this paper a newly developed technique, the so-called “Sliding Spark Spectrometry” is described. The method, with a comparatively simple system, allows direct in-situ analysis of handy, compact non-conductive material without prior sample preparation. A new excitation source for optical emission spectroscopy has been developed. The basic principle of the method is the thermal vaporization, ionization and excitation of a small amount of surface substrate using a train of high-current sliding sparks. The material components in the spark plasma are activated to emit radiation. From the atomic spectrum, informations about the composition and the element concentration in the sample can be obtained. With the use of the sliding spark spectrometer, a rapid analysis, especially of chlorine containing waste plastics and their inorganic additives can be carried out.     

Modification of polydivinylbenzene microspheres by a hydrobromination/click-chemistry protocol and their protein-adsorption properties

Hydrophobic- and/or hydrophilic-polymer-grafted PDVB microspheres are synthesized by the combination of hydrobromination and click-chemistry processes. The modified-PDVB microspheres and the intermediates at various stages of synthesis are characterized using GPC, 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy and TGA analysis. Use of the microspheres as a support matrix for reversible protein immobilization via adsorption is investigated. The system parameters such as the adsorption conditions (i.e., enzyme concentration, medium pH) and desorption are studied and evaluated with regards to the biocatalytic activity and adsorption capacity.     

Deciphering the mystery of hexagon holes in an all-boron graphene α-sheet

Boron could be the next element after carbon capable of forming 2D-materials similar to graphene. Theoretical calculations predict that the most stable planar all-boron structure is the so-called α-sheet. The mysterious structure of the α-sheet with peculiar distribution of filled and empty hexagons is rationalized in terms of chemical bonding. We show that the hexagon holes serve as scavengers of extra electrons from the filled hexagons. This work could advance rational design of all-boron nanomaterials.     

Luminescent core–shell Fe3O4@Gd2O3:Er3+, Li+ composite particles with enhanced optical properties

Bifunctional magneto-optical nanocomposites with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as a core and erbium and lithium codoped gadolinium (Gd₂O₃:Er³⁺, Li⁺) as the shell were synthesized successfully using a simple urea homogeneous precipitation method. The fabricated Fe₃O₄@Gd₂O₃:Er³⁺, Li⁺ particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy and quantum design vibrating sample magnetometry. The upconversion emission intensity was enhanced significantly comparing to that without Li⁺ ions. These bifunctional composites are expected to be potentially applied for drug delivery, cell separation and bioimaging.