全文获取类型
收费全文 | 35568篇 |
免费 | 1110篇 |
国内免费 | 2081篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 17717篇 |
晶体学 | 479篇 |
力学 | 1736篇 |
综合类 | 293篇 |
数学 | 5417篇 |
物理学 | 13117篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 13篇 |
2023年 | 109篇 |
2022年 | 303篇 |
2021年 | 560篇 |
2020年 | 594篇 |
2019年 | 798篇 |
2018年 | 1201篇 |
2017年 | 1320篇 |
2016年 | 1603篇 |
2015年 | 845篇 |
2014年 | 1433篇 |
2013年 | 2201篇 |
2012年 | 2052篇 |
2011年 | 3081篇 |
2010年 | 2735篇 |
2009年 | 2660篇 |
2008年 | 2211篇 |
2007年 | 2099篇 |
2006年 | 1894篇 |
2005年 | 1512篇 |
2004年 | 1752篇 |
2003年 | 1066篇 |
2002年 | 1043篇 |
2001年 | 885篇 |
2000年 | 907篇 |
1999年 | 607篇 |
1998年 | 704篇 |
1997年 | 614篇 |
1996年 | 246篇 |
1995年 | 144篇 |
1994年 | 152篇 |
1993年 | 252篇 |
1992年 | 235篇 |
1991年 | 173篇 |
1990年 | 149篇 |
1989年 | 128篇 |
1988年 | 112篇 |
1987年 | 27篇 |
1986年 | 83篇 |
1985年 | 28篇 |
1984年 | 34篇 |
1983年 | 30篇 |
1982年 | 15篇 |
1981年 | 20篇 |
1980年 | 10篇 |
1978年 | 10篇 |
1977年 | 12篇 |
1974年 | 8篇 |
1968年 | 10篇 |
1964年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Kai He Tsegaye TadesseTsega Xi Liu Jiantao Zai Xin‐Hao Li Xuejiao Liu Wenhao Li Nazakat Ali Xuefeng Qian 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(34):12029-12035
The modulation of electron density is an effective option for efficient alternative electrocatalysts. Here, p‐n junctions are constructed in 3D free‐standing FeNi‐LDH/CoP/carbon cloth (CC) electrode (LDH=layered double hydroxide). The positively charged FeNi‐LDH in the space‐charge region can significantly boost oxygen evolution reaction. Therefore, the j at 1.485 V (vs. RHE) of FeNi‐LDH/CoP/CC achieves ca. 10‐fold and ca. 100‐fold increases compared to those of FeNi‐LDH/CC and CoP/CC, respectively. Density functional theory calculation reveals OH? has a stronger trend to adsorb on the surface of FeNi‐LDH side in the p‐n junction compared to individual FeNi‐LDH further verifying the synergistic effect in the p‐n junction. Additionally, it represents excellent activity toward water splitting. The utilization of heterojunctions would open up an entirely new possibility to purposefully regulate the electronic structure of active sites and promote their catalytic activities. 相似文献
32.
Understanding and control of the surface properties such as molecular orientations are of great importance in numerous applications of ionic liquids. However, there remain discrepancies among the previous experimental and theoretical studies on the surface orientation and structures of room temperature ionic liquids(RTIL) systems. In this article, the orientation of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium([bmin]) cation at the air/liquid interface of a characteristic RTIL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate([bmim][PF6]), was investigated by the sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy(SFG-VS). Detailed polarization and experimental configuration analyses of the SFG-VS spectra showed the possibility of a small spectral splitting in the CH3 symmetric stretching region, which can be further attributed to the probable existence of multiple orientations for the interfacial [bmim] cations. In addition, the(N)–CH3 vibrations were absent, ruling out the prediction by several recent molecular dynamics simulations which state that portions of the [bmim] cations orient with a standing-up(N)–CH3 group at the ionic liquid surface. Hence, new realistic theoretical models have to be developed to reflect the complex nature of the ionic liquid surface. 相似文献
33.
34.
Dehghanpour-Sahron Ja’far Mahdavi-Amiri Nezam 《4OR: A Quarterly Journal of Operations Research》2021,19(4):473-499
4OR - Partitioning a given data-set into subsets based on similarity among the data is called clustering. Clustering is a major task in data mining and machine learning having many applications... 相似文献
35.
In this study, stoichiometric protonation constants of L-tyrosine, L-cysteine, L-tryptophane, L-lysine, and L-histidine, and
their methyl and ethyl esters in water and ethanol–water mixtures of 30, 50, and 70% ethanol (v/v), were determined potentiometrically
using a combined pH electrode system calibrated as the concentration of hydrogen ion. Titrations were performed at 25∘C and the ionic strength of the medium was maintained at 0.10 mol⋅L−1 using sodium chloride. Protonation constants were calculated by using the BEST computer program. The effect of solvent composition
on the protonation constants is discussed. The log10 K2 values of esters generally decreased with increasing ethanol content. However, the log10 K1 values of the esters of L-tyrosine, L-cysteine, and L-tryptophane were found to increase with increasing ethanol content
in contrast those of L-lysine and L-histidine esters. 相似文献
36.
Planar laser-induced fluorescence visualisation is used to investigate nonuniformities in the flow of a hypersonic conical nozzle. Possible causes for the nonuniformity are outlined and investigated, and the problem is shown to be due to a small step at the nozzle throat. Entrainment of cold boundary layer gas is postulated as the cause of the signal nonuniformity.
PACS 47.80.Jk, 47.40.Ki, 47.60.+i 相似文献
37.
双掺(Tm3+,Tb3+)LiYF4激光器1.5 μm波长激光阈值分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
由速率方程推出了双掺(Tm^3 ,Tb^3 )离子准四能级系统的激光阈值解析式,讨论了Tm^3 和Tb^3 离子之间的相互作用。分析了1.5μm波长附近的激光阈值和Tm^3 、Tb^3 离子的掺杂原子数分数及晶体长度的关系。结果表明,对于对应Tm^3 离子^3H4→^3F4跃迁的约1.5μm波长的激光,激活离子Tm^3 的掺杂原子数分数过大时,交叉弛豫作用将使系统阈值迅速增加。Tb^3 离子的加入,一方面能抽空激光下能级,起到降低阈值的作用;另一方面亦减少了激光上能级的寿命,使阈值升高。故Tb^3 离子有最佳掺杂原子数分数。对于Tm原子数分数为y=0.01的Tm:LiYF4晶体,Tb^3 离子的最佳掺杂原子数分数为0.002左右,同时表明,激光阈值与晶体长度有关。最佳晶体长度与Tm^3 、Tb^3 离子的掺杂原子数分数以及晶体的衍射损耗和吸收损耗有关。 相似文献
38.
The semiclassical theory of proximity effects predicts a gap E g~?D/L 2 in the excitation spectrum of a long diffusive superconductor/normal-metal/superconductor (SNS) junction. Mesoscopic fluctuations lead to anomalously localized states in the normal part of the junction.As a result, a nonzero, yet exponentially small, density of states (DOS) appears at energies below E g. In the framework of the supermatrix nonlinear σ model, these prelocalized states are due to the instanton configurations with broken supersymmetry. The exact result for the DOS near the semiclassical threshold is found, provided the dimensionless conductance of the normal part G N is large. The case of poorly transparent interfaces between the normal and superconductive regions is also considered. In this limit, the total number of subgap states may be large. 相似文献
39.
40.
Ya. V. Fattakhov M. F. Galyautdinov T. N. L’vova I. B. Khaibullin 《Technical Physics》1997,42(12):1457-1459
The first results regarding the formation of a two-dimensional periodic structure of local melting regions on a silicon surface
upon pulsed light irradiation are presented. The conditions are established, and the mechanism of the formation of such structures
is discussed.
Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 67, 97–99 (December 1997) 相似文献