Study of association thermodynamics between crystal violet and sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate and kinetics of basic fading of crystal violet in microemulsions

The thermodynamics of the association between 4,4′,4″-tris(dimethyl-amino)triphenylmethyl chloride (crystal violet or CV) and sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)-sulfosuccinate (aerosol OT or AOT) in water/AOT/n-decane microemulsion and the kinetics of the basic hydrolysis of CV in a water-in-oil microemulsion were investigated by UV–vis spectroscopic measurements. An association model of CV and AOT was used to analyze the experimental data to obtain the association constants at various temperatures. By taking the association into account, the “actual” rate constants and the activation energies of the basic hydrolysis of CV in the media of water/AOT/oil were obtained. The difference in thermodynamics and kinetics between the two media of water/AOT/n-decane and water/AOT/isooctane is discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 40: 294–300, 2008     

A variational problem with impurity set

A novel variational problem is investigated which comes from the study of the Ginzburg-Landau model of superconductivity with impurity inclusion. The feature of this variational problem is that it depends on the impurity set. Some properties of the variational problem are established and an application is given to the Ginzburg-Landau model of superconductivity with impurity inclusion.     

Effect of block length on the self-assembly of end-capping perfluoroalkyl moieties on the polymer surface

Most research on copolymers with fluorinated monomers has focused on the relationship between fluorinated monomer content and the corresponding surface structure. However, the influence of the non-fluorinated block on the surface structure of the copolymer film is unknown. Various molecular weight poly(butyl methacrylates) (PBMA) end-capped with 2-perfluorooctylethyl methacrylate (FMA) units (PBMA-ec-FMA) have been synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The effect of the PBMA block length on the surface structure and properties of the polymers both in the solid state and in solution was investigated using various techniques. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses indicated that longer PBMA blocks enhanced both the enrichment of the fluorinated moieties and the order of the packing orientation of the perfluoroalkyl side chains on the surface. This enhancement was attributed mainly to the molecular aggregate structure of the end-capped polymers with long PBMA blocks in the solution and to the interfacial structure at the air/liquid interface, which favors the -(CF₂)₇CF₃ moieties self-assembling on the polymer surface during film formation. This observation suggests that the polyacrylate block structure in fluorinated diblock copolymers, in addition to the fluorinated monomer content, plays an important role in structure formation on the solid surface.     

超导单光子探测器件直流特性研究

超导单光子探测技术是基于超薄超导薄膜的非平衡态热电子效应的一种新型的单光子探测方法。超导单光子探测器(SNSPD)的计数率可达到GHz,时间抖动小于100ps,因而在未来量子通信系统中有着广阔的应用前景。介绍了NbN超导单光子探测器件的工作原理和器件超导性能测试系统;测试了超导单光子探测器件的电阻-温度、电流-电压等特性。并对测试结果进行了分析和讨论。     

Preparation and evaluation of ammonia decomposition catalysts by high-throughput technique

The high-throughput technique has been successfully employed to investigate systematically NH₃ decomposition catalysts for COx-free hydrogen production. Supported γ-Mo₂N catalysts not only could be prepared and evaluated by the high-throughput experiment, but are also active for NH₃ decomposition luke supported Ni and Co catalysts. Additionally, the preparation process and support play important roles on the catalytic performance of supported γ-Mo₂N catalysts.     

小空位团浅能级对正电子的声子激发比捕获率

若小空位团中存在束缚能小于晶体德拜能量的正电子捕获态, 则这一能态对自由正电子的捕获具有较强的温度依赖性. 这种温度依赖性有两种类型, 且比捕获率的取值也可能相当高, 显示了与位错的很大不同. 关键词：     

基于表观传递函数的象质评价及计算(Ⅱ)

首先讨论了表观传递函数的近似计算,然后用e指数近似公式进行了象差平衡并求得容限,为利用表观传递函数评价部分相干光学系统的成象质量提供了方法和依据。