Water‐ and Temperature‐Triggered Reversible Structural Transformation of Tetranuclear Cobalt(II) Cores Sandwiched by Polyoxometalates

Although stimuli‐responsive structural transformations of inorganic materials have attracted considerable attention because of their potential use as functional switchable materials, multinuclear metal cores frequently suffer from unexpected dissociation of metal cations and/or irreversible transformations into infinite structures. In this study, we describe the successful demonstration of the water‐ and temperature‐triggered reversible structural transformation between cubane‐ and planar‐type tetranuclear Co^II cores sandwiched by polyoxometalates. The arrangements and coordination geometries of the Co^II cations were interconverted by simple hydration and dehydration, resulting in the manipulation of the magnetic and optical properties of these compounds. Moreover, this system showed unique thermochromism through temperature‐dependent reversible structural interconversion.     

Stereoselective photocycloaddition of alkenes to naphthalene rings assisted by hydrogen bonding

Introduction of a hydrogen-bonding substituent to 1-cyanonaphthalene and alkene resulted in the selective formations of endo-photocycloadducs. Furthermore, the yield and selectivity were improved as the reaction temperature was lowered.     

Difference-frequency terahertz-wave generation from 4-dimethylamino-N-methyl-4-stilbazolium-tosylate by use of an electronically tuned Ti:sapphire laser

Among nonlinear materials, the organic ionic salt crystal 4-dimethylamino- N -methyl-4-stilbazolium-tosylate (DAST) is known for its large nonlinearity. We generated a coherent terahertz (THz) wave, using DAST, from the difference frequency between two oscillating wavelengths of an electronically tuned Ti:sapphire laser. In LiNbO(3), LiTaO(3), KTiOPO(4), and GaP crystals, THz-wave generation was not observed under the same experimental conditions. This result proves the high efficiency of DAST crystals for generation of difference-frequency THz waves.     

Light attenuation in a semitransparent foam sheet-Thickness measurement for industrial use

An optical method for measuring the thickness of heterogeneous materials has been studied. The method is based on the light attenuation theory. A complete system has been constructed in order to demonstrate the applicability of the present method for industrial use. The experimental set-up consists of semiconductor lasers, focusing lenses, photo-diodes serving as a power meter and a personal computer with an A/D converter for data acquisition. Averaging of numerous measurements is required in the present method because the heterogeneous cell structure of the foam material yields large fluctuations in transmitted light levels. The fluctuations can be reduced to below 1% of the transmitted light power by 80 times averaging. The error of the measurement is considered to be a few tens of micrometers in thickness. The present system is capable of sampling data at a rate of 400 Hz and has been successfully applied to a manufacturing process.     

Kinetics of photo-induced edge shift in optical transmission of amorphous As2S3 film

Photo-induced edge-shift affect in As₂S₃ film has been studies for different intensities of incident light. This process depends only on the total energy E of light. A simple experimental relationship between shift of edge Δλ and E

$\text{1 ?}\text{Δλ(E)}\text{Δλ(∞)}\text{=}\text{exp}\text{(-K·E)}$

has been obtained, which coincides with a theretical prediction deduced from a model based on a first-order reaction.     

V nuclear magnetic relaxation in dilute Au-V alloys at temperatures 1–300 K

Nuclear magnetic relaxation times, T₁ and T₂ are measured in dilute Au-V alloys for 1–300 K. A value for T₁T = 17.0 ± 0.5 msK is obtained.     

Isolation and structure elucidation of genuine oat phytoalexin,avenalumin I

The major phytoalexin from oat leaves has been identified as 2-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyDethenyl] -6-hydroxy-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one ($\text{A}$).     

High-transmission waveguide with a small radius of curvature at a bend fabricated by use of a circular photonic crystal

A bent photonic crystal waveguide was fabricated by use of a lattice pattern of a circular photonic crystal that allowed high transmission for a broad band of wavelengths with a small radius of curvature at a bend. The waveguide was fabricated by use of alumina rods with a diameter of 3 mm. Windows of high transmission as a result of waveguiding were observed near 9 and 15 GHz. By measurement of the relative wave intensity [E]2 along the line defects, the propagation losses in the straight and the bent sections were estimated at 9.3 GHz to be 0.04 and 0.03 dB/mm, respectively.