在电磁学课程中引入磁矢势的做法和体会

在普通物理电磁学教学中，从来就重视电势与能量的讨论，一般局限于标势，对磁矢势介绍得很少．而在赵凯华，陈熙谋教授编写的《新概念物理教程》电磁学中，从磁高斯定理的积分形式出发，引入了磁矢势的概念，并且给出了计算磁矢势的一些特殊的例子．然而在课堂教学中要不要引入磁矢势，如何取材，学生能否接受，效果如何等，却是我们必须面对的问题．     

An LC‐MS/MS method for determination of curculigoside with anti‐osteoporotic activity in rat plasma and application to a pharmacokinetic study

A rapid, simple, selective and sensitive LC‐MS/MS method was developed for the determination of curculigoside in rat plasma. The analytical procedure involves extraction of curculigoside and syringin (internal standard, IS) from rat plasma with a one‐step extraction method by protein precipitation. The chromatographic resolution was performed on an Agilent XDB‐C₁₈ column (4.6 × 50 mm, 5 µm) using an isocratic mobile phase of methanol with 0.1% formic acid and H₂O with 0.1% formic acid (45:55, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min with a total run time of 2.0 min. The assay was achieved under the multiple‐reaction monitoring mode using positive electrospray ionization. Method validation was performed according to US Food and Drug Administration guidelines and the results met the acceptance criteria. The calibration curve was linear over 4.00–4000 ng/mL (R = 0.9984) for curculigoside with a lower limit of quantification of 4.00 ng/mL in rat plasma. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions and accuracies were 3.5–4.6 and 0.7–9.1%, in rat plasma, respectively. The validated LC‐MS/MS method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of curculigoside in rats after a single intravenous and oral administration of 3.2 and 32 mg/kg. The absolute bioavailability of curculigoside after oral administration was 1.27%. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Polymer-supported palladium (II) containing N2O2: An efficient and robust heterogeneous catalyst for C–C coupling reactions

A new polymer was prepared from 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol (noted as TDTB) and o-phenylenediamine through Schiff base condensation reaction, and palladium (II) was immobilized on the polymer (noted as TbPo-Pd(II)). This process was easy to work-up and cost-effective. The structure and composition of TbPo-Pd(II) were fully characterized by FTIR, TGA, XPS, AAS, SEM, and TEM analyses. Meanwhile, this catalyst showed desired thermal stability and excellent performance in water/methanol system for Suzuki and Sonogashira coupling reactions. In addition, this heterogeneous catalyst can be readily recovered by simple filtration with no appreciable Pd leaching in the reaction. This work provides a powerful protocol for rapid access to asymmetrical biphenyls and aryl alkynes. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018 , 56, 2344–2353     

Superresolution imaging of telomeres with continuous wave stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscope

The significant role of telomeres in cells has attracted much attention since they were discovered. Fluorescence imaging is an effective method to study subcellular structures like telomeres. However, the diffraction limit of traditional optical microscope hampers further investigation on them. Recent progress on superresolution fluorescence microscopy has broken this limit. In this work, we used stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscope to observe fluorescence-labeled telomeres in interphase cell nuclei. The results showed that the size of fluorescent puncta representing telomeres under the STED microscope was much smaller than that under the confocal microscope. Two adjacent telomeres were clearly separated via STED imaging, which could hardly be discriminated by confocal microscopy due to the diffraction limit. We conclude that STED microscope is a more powerful tool that enable us to obtain detailed information about telomeres.     

Research on the implementing conditions of inverse emulsion-breath figure method

The relationships between three steps of the inverse emulsion-breath figure (Ie-BF) method, including emulsion preparation, film casting and hydrophilic component loading, are explored by adjusting the experimental factors of the three implementing processes. For emulsion preparation step, the influence of the ultrasonification, the concentration of emulsifier and the addition of polymer on the size of the emulsion droplets are investigated. For film casting step, the influence of environmental humidity and several factors concerning the emulsion preparation on the porous structure of the resultant films are studied. It has been proved that high humidity is a necessity for obtaining surface pores, and multi-layered pores with disordered distribution can be formed in the bulk layer of the film when high water/oil ratio is used in making the emulsion. Bovine serum albumin is loaded into the emulsion water droplets, and by implementing the Ie-BF method under the condition of water/oil ratio being as low as 0.02 vol%, selective protein enrichment within the interior of the top-layer pores is still realized. It reflects the characteristics of “high efficiency, targeted assembly” in the step of hydrophilic component loading.     

H70黄铜-OCr18Ni9不锈钢滑动磨损表面材料的相互转移之研究

作者对H70黄铜(销)—OCr18Ni9不锈钢(盘)在真空(6.65×10~(-3)Pa)和大气中滑动磨损表面材料的相互转移进行了研究,并且提出了摩擦表面的原子扩散模型。文章指出,由于摩擦的热效应致使表面原子的扩散加剧,不论是软材料还是硬材料,它们的表面微凸体在滑动摩擦过程中都可能发生局部熔化,因而磨损表面出现了材料的相互转移,即使是硬材料中的Fe原子也转移到了软材料黄铜销的磨损表面上。销材料中的Zn原子在摩擦温度较高时的扩散系数是Cu原子的2～3倍,故在摩擦副的两个磨损表面都有Zn原子富集,且以真空下的更加明显。     

边界润滑条件下离子渗氮与极压抗磨添加剂的协同作用

利用球－盘摩擦磨损试验机系统地研究了边界润滑条件下４５＃钢离子渗氮与极压抗磨添加剂硫化烯烃及磷酸三甲酚酯的协同作用，结果表明，离子渗氮与这两种添加剂不仅在提高承载能力方面都有明显的协同作用，而且在减小摩擦磨损方面也都有较好的协同作用，其中以与磷酸三甲酚酯的协同作用效果更好。此外，还利用Ｘ射线光电子能谱仪和俄歇电子能谱仪等表面分析手段分析研究了产生这种协同作用的机理。     

高速瓦楞辊的磨损失效分析

本文对进口的高速瓦楞辊的磨损失效形式进行了分析，认为其主要磨损形式是磨粒磨损，即齿侧为滑动磨粒磨损，齿底为应变疲劳磨粒磨损，而齿预则包括了这两种磨损形式；齿顶和齿根两侧都是磨损最严重的部位；磨粒主要是纸中夹带的ＳｉＯ２砂粒。文章最后还明确指出，瓦楞辊的返修期应当定在其出现非均匀磨损之前，但是由于楞齿承受曲应力而诱发疲劳裂纹，故此返修次数是有限的。     

稀土提高铁基自熔合金喷焊层耐磨性的效果与机理

随着表面技术的发展，稀土元素在表面工程中的应用日益受到人们的广泛重视。为了充分发挥我国稀土资源丰富的优势，不断地开拓其新的应用领域，在铁基自熔合金粉末中添加不同量的混合稀土硅铁合金，采用火焰喷焊技术获得涂层，通过摩擦磨损试验和精细的扫描和透射电子显微镜分析，深入地研究了稀土元素对铁基自熔合金涂层组织结构与耐磨性的影响，以及稀土元素的分布与存在形式，同时还对其作用机理进行了初步分析，研究结果表明，添加适量的稀土元素可以明显地提高喷焊合金层的耐磨性和承载能力；稀土元素能够细化喷焊合金层的组织，形成ＬａＢ６相的沉淀折出而强化基体，并能净化晶界，减少硫在晶界上的偏聚。