从定量的角度探究单液铜锌原电池实验的改进方案

对铜-锌原电池中的锌片做半汞齐化处理,分别将锌片汞齐化的一端和非汞齐化的一端插入稀硫酸中,测量电池的电流和电压。通过2次实验的测量对照计算得出电流、电压损失百分比,从而定量地描述锌片上产生的氢气,并将此方法应用于改进单液原电池实验。从锌电极、铜电极和稀硫酸浓度3个方面采取改进措施,从而尽可能减少锌片上的气泡。     

正辛醇的γ辐照稳定性及辐解产物分析

在高放射性废液后处理的萃取工艺中,正辛醇被认为是具有应用前景的稀释剂之一,而研究其γ辐射效应对指导其实际应用具有重要意义.本文对N_2环境下γ辐照后的正辛醇进行了紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱和傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱研究.结果表明正辛醇在100 kGy以下辐照后化学结构未发生变化,而吸收剂量增至300kGy时有羰基化合物生成.通过色谱(GC)和色质联用(GC-MS)进一步分析了高剂量(600 kGy)辐照后正辛醇的气体及液体辐解产物,发现主要气体产物为H_2,并伴有微量的CO_2和CH_4;主要液体产物为正辛醛,其占未辐解正辛醇的质量百分含量小于1%,并伴有少量正庚烷和8-羟基十五醇.对辐照后正辛醇的化学结构及辐解产物的分析表明,正辛醇在氮气下经γ辐照后,主要发生α碳原子上的C-H键断裂,并伴有β碳原子上的C-C键断裂.此外,抽氢反应也是正辛醇辐解的重要途径.     

Image solutions for boundary value problems without sources

In this paper, we employ the image method to solve boundary value problems in domains containing circular or spherical shaped boundaries free of sources. two and threeD problems as well as symmetric and anti-symmetric cases are considered. By treating the image method as a special case of method of fundamental solutions, only at most four unknown strengths, distributed at the center, two locations of frozen images and one free constant, need to be determined. Besides, the optimal locations of sources are determined. For the symmetric and anti-symmetric cases, only two coefficients are required to match the two boundary conditions. The convergence rate versus number of image group is numerically performed. The differences of the image solutions between 2D and 3D problems are addressed. It is found that the 2D solution in terms of the bipolar coordinates is mathematically equivalent to that of the simplest MFS with only two sources and one free constant. Finally, several examples are demonstrated to see the validity of the image method for boundary value problems.     

基于共心球透镜的多尺度广域高分辨率计算成像系统设计

针对实时广域高分辨率成像需求,充分利用具有对称结构的多层共心球透镜视场大且各轴外视场成像效果一致性好的特点,设计基于共心球透镜的多尺度广域高分辨率计算成像系统.该系统基于计算成像原理,通过构建像差优化函数获得光学系统设计参数,结合球形分布的次级相机阵列进行全局性优化,提高系统性能的同时有效简化光学设计过程、降低系统设计难度.系统稳定性测试结果表明,该成像系统的MTF(modulation transmission function)值在截止频率处接近衍射极限,弥散斑均方根恒小于探测器像元尺寸,整机实景实时成像效果良好,无视觉可见畸变.该系统不仅有效解决了传统成像中广域和高分辨率成像矛盾的问题,而且为计算光学成像系统设计奠定了一定研究基础.     

空心圆柱形永磁体内径对单畴GdBCO超导块材磁悬浮力的影响

通过对空心圆柱形永磁体与单畴GdBCO超导体磁悬浮力的实验测量,研究了空心圆柱形永磁体内径(d)的变化对超导体磁悬浮力的影响.结果发现,当空心圆柱形永磁体内径从0 mm增加到26 mm时,超导磁悬浮力大小与空心圆柱形永磁体内径有着密切关系(最小测量间距Z=2 mm),所有超导磁悬浮力曲线都存在磁滞现象.随着空心圆柱形永磁体内径的增大,最小间距处超导磁悬浮力逐渐减小,从d=0 mm时的14.8 N减小为d=26 mm时的-0.1 N,d≥20 mm时,最小间距处超导磁悬浮力出现负值;当0 mm≤d5 mm时,超导体最大磁悬浮力出现在最小间距处,d≥5 mm时,超导磁悬浮力先增大后减小,最大超导磁悬浮力产生的位置随着内径的增大而变大.研究表明:只有科学合理地设计永磁体结构参数,才能获得较大的磁场强度,提高超导磁悬浮力特性.该结果对设计并优化磁悬浮轴承系统、环形轨道和超导体的实际应用具有一定的指导意义.     

Synthesis and structure characterization of new 1,2,4-oxadiazolo[4,5-d]-1,5-benzothiazepines derivatives containing 2-phenyl-1,2,3-triazole through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction

Reaction of 1,5-benzothiazepines, containing 2-phenyl-1,2,3-triazole 2a-d, with aryl nitrile oxides in CH(2) Cl(2) at room temperature leads to a series of novel 1,2,4-oxadiazolo[4,5-d]-1,5-benzothiazepine derivatives 3a-l in good yields. The products were characterized by IR, (1)H NMR, MS, elemental analyses, X-ray and their spectrum characters were discussed.     

Enhanced catalytic activity of ternary NiCoPd nanocatalyst dispersed on carbon nanotubes toward methanol oxidation reaction in alkaline media

Ternary NiCoPd nanocatalyst dispersed on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), NiCoPd/CNTs, was synthesized using a simple and green sonochemical method. The as-prepared NiCoPd/CNT hybrids were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The electrochemical measurements revealed that the ternary NiCoPd/CNTs exhibited an enhanced electrocatalytic activity for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), much superior to those of the binary NiPd/CNT and CoPd/CNT, as well as monometallic Pd/CNT counterparts, which likely resulted from the synergistic function of the dopant metals of Ni and Co.     

Carbon Fibers Decorated by Polyelectrolyte Complexes Toward Their Epoxy Resin Composites with High Fire Safety

The achievement of both robust fire-safety and mechanical properties is of vital requirement for carbon fiber(CF) composites.To this end, a facile interfacial strategy for fabricating flame-retardant carbon fibers decorated by bio-based polyelectrolyte complexes(PEC) consisting of chitosan(CH) and ammonium polyphosphate(APP) was developed, and its corresponding fire-retarded epoxy resin composites(EP/(PEC@CF)) without any other additional flame retardants were prepared. The decorated CFs were characterized by SEMEDX, XPS and XRD, indicating that the flame-retardant PEC coating was successfully constructed on the surface of CF. Thanks to the nitrogen-and phosphorous-containing PEC, the resulting composites exhibited excellent flame retardancy as the limiting oxygen index(LOI) increased from 31.0% of EP/CF to 40.5% and UL-94 V-0 rating was achieved with only 8.1 wt% PEC. EP/(PEC8.1@CF) also performed well in cone calorimetry with the decrease of peak-heat release rate(PHRR) and smoke production rate(SPR) by 50.0% and30.4%, respectively, and the value of fire growth rate(FIGRA) was also reduced to 3.41 kW·m~(-2)·s~(-1) from 4.84 kW·m~(-2)·s~(-1), suggesting a considerably enhanced fire safety. Furthermore, SEM images of the burning residues revealed that the PEC coating exhibited the dominant flame-retardant activity in condensed phase via the formation of compact phosphorus-rich char. In addition, the impact strength of the composite was improved, together with no obvious deterioration of flexural properties and glass transition temperature. Taking advantage of the features, the PEC-decorated carbon fibers and the relevant composites fabricated by the cost-effective and facile strategy would bring more chances for widespread applications.     

In液滴低温时在不同沉积量下的形貌演变分析

本文研究了低温时不同沉积量的In液滴在GaAs(001)衬底上的形貌特征.在衬底温度为160℃时,对In液滴形貌进行观察和分析并根据经典的成核理论解释了不同沉积量下In液滴纳米结构的形成机制和In液滴形貌随沉积量的演变规律;通过对液滴数量,直径和高度以及液滴周围出现扩散圆盘的直径和高度进行统计,结合液滴形貌与沉积量的相关理论公式以及本文实验中所得数据,拟合计算出In液滴产生扩散圆盘的最小沉积量约为3.3 ML,表明In液滴的沉积量大于3.3 ML时才会形成圆盘.相关研究结果对液滴外延法制备InAs纳米结构具有指导意义.     

NBO电荷计算对电中性原理的检验

我们在B3LYP/6-31++G（d，p）计算级别下计算了[M（H₂O）₆]³⁺（M=Sc~Co）、[Co（Ⅲ）L₆]（L=F^-、H₂O、NH₃、CN^-），以及基于α-Al₂O₃晶体结构搭建的铝氧簇Al₃O（OH）₇（H₂O）₅（Al₃）和Al₆O₆（OH）₆（H₂O）₅（Al₆）的NBO电荷。除[Co（NH₃）₆]³⁺外，其它化合物均不符合经典教科书中的电中性原理，具有超出-1~+1范围的电荷。此外，我们发现中心原子的电荷受到配位原子种类的极大影响，而这一规律未在电中性原理的表述中。计算结果表明，从[CoF₆]^3-到[Co（CN）₆]^3-，中心离子上所带电荷量从+1.639变化至-1.360，且中心离子上所带电荷随其离子势的增大而降低。另外基于对铝氧簇的计算，我们预测α-Al₂O₃中的Al原子所带电荷应为2.1±0.1。