分子印迹膜萃取结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速检测牛奶中的痕量环丙沙星残留

以聚偏氟乙烯膜为载体，恩诺沙星为伪模板分子，甲基丙烯酸为功能单体，乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂，在氯仿-甲醇混合体系中制备恩诺沙星分子印迹膜（MIM），并将其作为分子印迹膜萃取（MIME）材料萃取牛奶样品中的环丙沙星，结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱（HPLC-MS/MS），快速检测牛奶中痕量环丙沙星残留。环丙沙星在0.1~200 μg/L范围内线性关系良好，相关系数为0.9996，检出限（S/N=3）和定量限（S/N=10）分别为0.02和0.10 μg/L。日间和日内精密度的相对标准偏差（RSD）在3.3%~7.9%之间。将开发的MIME-HPLC-MS/MS方法用于实际牛奶样品中环丙沙星加标回收率的检测，回收率在92.6%~119.1%之间。结果表明该方法前处理简单快速灵敏，检测准确度高，可用于牛奶样品中痕量环丙沙星残留的快速检测。     

Immobilization of Transition-metal Hydroxamates on Polystyrene Resins: Effective Biomimetic Heterogeneous Catalysts for Aerobic Oxidation of Ethylbenzene

Salicylhydroxamic acid(SHA) was covalently grafted onto chloromethylated crosslinked polystyrene spheres(CMCPS) by the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction. The amount of SHA on CPS was found to be mainly dependent on the amount of Lewis acid(SnCl₄) used and the reaction temperature. Under optimized conditions, the amount of SHA attached to CPS could reach up to 0.43 g/g CPS. Transition metal ions[Co(II), Cu(II), Fe(III) or Mn(II)] were then introduced into the resulting SHA-functionalized microspheres(SHA/CPS) through SHA-metal ion chelation. The obtained microspheres MSHA/CPS were explored as biomimetic catalysts for the aerobic oxidation of ethylbenzene(EB) to ethylbenzene hydroperoxide(EBHP). Among the four supported metal catalysts, FeSHA/CPS showed the highest catalytic activity and good reusability, indicating its great potential as an effective heterogeneous catalyst for the aerobic oxidation of hydrocarbons under mild conditions.     

纳米尺度超声显影微囊的制备及性能表征

采用双乳液-溶剂挥发法制备了内部包封氟碳液体的聚乳酸-甲氧基聚乙二醇两嵌段共聚物(MePEG-b-PLA)基超声显影纳米微囊; 用2种不同嵌段比的MePEG-b-PLA共聚物研究共聚物组成与纳米囊性能的关系; 选用聚乙烯醇(PVA)、 羧甲基葡聚糖(CMG)和壳聚糖(CS) 3种乳化剂对纳米囊表面进行亲水性修饰. 对所制备纳米囊的粒径、 Zeta电位、 形貌和水溶液稳定性进行了表征. 结果表明, 利用质量分数为1%的PVA和质量分数为1%的CMG组成的复配乳化剂和m(MePEG)∶m(PLA)= 1∶3的聚合物制得的纳米囊的平均粒径为432.9 nm, 水溶液稳定性优良. 利用超声仪对纳米囊体外超声显影性能进行研究, 结果表明, 所得聚乳酸-甲氧基聚乙二醇纳米囊具有更好的中心成像区域灰度值和更持久的体外超声显影效果. 结合3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐(MTT)比色法研究证实该纳米囊具有低细胞毒性. 在超声影像学领域具有良好的应用前景.     

透射边界条件在波动谱元模拟中的实现:一维波动

多次透射公式(multi-transmitting formula,MTF)是一种具有普适性的局部人工边界条件,但其在近场波动数值模拟中一般与有限元法结合.由于波动谱元模拟的数值格式与有限元格式有极大的不同,传统的MTF在谱元离散格式中无法直接实现.为了使物理概念清楚、精度可控的多次透射人工边界条件能够适应波动谱元模拟的需求,首先指出多次透射边界与谱元离散格式结合的基本问题,并分析了空间内插和时间内插两种方案的可行性.然后从空间内插角度出发,提出基于拉格朗日多项式插值模式的MTF谱元格式,并采用一种简单内插方法实现高阶MTF.最后通过一维波动数值试验检验这些MTF谱元格式的精度,并讨论其数值稳定性.结果表明:对于一、二阶MTF,几种格式的精度相当;对于三、四阶MTF,基于谱单元位移模式插值的格式精度最高.相反,随着插值多项式阶次的升高,不同MTF格式的稳定临界值逐步降低,但是所有格式均在人工波速大大超过物理波速时才可能发生失稳.     

卡铂@葡聚糖纳米载体的自组装/聚合一步法制备及生物应用

在接枝共聚辅助自组装(GISA)制备葡聚糖纳米载体的过程中, 利用丙烯酸单体与卡铂之间的非共价键作用, 使得卡铂参与到葡聚糖纳米载体的形成中, 从而一步实现了卡铂@葡聚糖纳米载体的制备, 并使用肿瘤还原性环境敏感的二硫键来交联纳米载体, 得到了对肿瘤还原环境响应的纳米药物载体. 对纳米药物载体的结构、 粒径及形貌进行表征, 结果显示, 纳米药物载体粒径为(92±0.2) nm, Zeta电位为(-8±0.3) eV. 通过体外药物释放研究发现, 在还原性环境中, 载体可持续72 h释放药物, 最大释放量达80%. 细胞摄取实验表明负载卡铂的纳米药物载体可在4 h内高效地进入细胞核; 其半抑制浓度(IC₅₀)为25.32 μg/mL, 达到和相同浓度游离卡铂相仿的促肿瘤细胞凋亡效果. 此一步法所制备的卡铂@葡聚糖纳米载体具有良好的生物应用前景.     

Hollow PtPd Nanorods with Mesoporous Shells as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Methanol‐Oxidation Reaction

Tailoring the morphology and composition of platinum‐based electrocatalysts is of significant importance for the development of highly efficient direct methanol fuel cells. Herein, we report a dual‐templating method for the design of hollow PtPd nanorods with mesoporous shells (mPtPd HNRs). We found that F127 micelles favored the formation of mesoporous structures and that SiO₂ nanorods served as a hard template for the creation of cavities. The well‐developed mesopores, hollow structures, and bimetallic composition of the mPtPd HNRs afforded a sufficient number of active sites to facilitate the electrochemical oxidation of methanol, thereby leading to enhanced activity and stability. This strategy allowed for the reliable preparation of mesoporous hollow platinum‐based electrocatalysts with desired compositions and morphologies for catalytic applications.     

Enhanced Oxygen Reduction and Methanol Oxidation Electrocatalysis over Bifunctional PtPdIr Mesoporous Hollow Nanospheres

Designing and constructing nano‐architectures with abundant reactive atoms exposed on the surface and widely open pore interiors is an effective strategy for highly efficient utilization of Pt‐based catalysts. Herein, we report a facile method to synthesize tri‐metallic PtPdIr mesoporous hollow nanospheres (PtPdIr MHNSs) by selective chemical removal of sacrificial metallic cores from pre‐constructed Pd@PtIr mesoporous nanospheres (Pd@PtIr MNSs). The unique nano‐architectures, with mesoporous shells interconnected into the interior hollow cavities and the synergistic electronic effect from tri‐metallic PtPdIr composition, enable the as‐synthesized PtPdIr MHNSs to be efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for catalyzing both methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).     

Improving Mass Transfer in Gas-Liquid by Ionic Liquids Dispersion

This study investigates effects of dispersed ionic liquids on chemical absorption of CO₂ in alkanolamine aqueous solution. Oil-in-water emulsion has been prepared, whose continuous phase is trethanol amine aqueous solution, and dispersed phase is an ionic liquid, 1-octyl-3methyl imidazole six phosphate fluoride. The morphololgy of dispersion has been observed by visual method. Absorption rates are linearly fitted based on experimental data. Results show that a mass transfer enhancement has been realized by ionic liquids dispersion. The collaborative action of hydrodynamic effect and shuttle effect is proved to be the main mechanism that ionic liquids dispersion enhances gas absorption. The research indicates that dispersed ionic liquids can bring some advantages, higher absorption rate, lower corrosion for equipment, and higher regeneration efficiencies.     

Effect of oil phase transition on freeze/thaw-induced demulsification of water-in-oil emulsions

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the breakage of water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions by the freeze/thaw method. Most of the previous works focused on the phase transition of the water droplet phase. This paper emphasizes the effect of continuous oil phase transition. A series of oils with different freezing points were used as oil phases to produce model emulsions, which were then frozen and thawed. The emulsion whose oil phase froze before the water droplet phase did (OFBW) on cooling was readily demulsified with a dewatering ratio as high as over 80%, but the emulsion whose oil phase did not freeze when the water droplet phase did (NOFBW) was relatively hard to break. The difference in demulsification performance between them resulted from the distinction between their demulsification mechanisms via the analyses of the emulsion stability, emulsion crystallization/melting behaviors, oil phase physical properties, and wettability of the frozen oil phase, etc. For the OFBW emulsion, the first-frozen oil phase was ruptured by the volume expansion of the subsequently frozen droplet phase, and meanwhile, some liquid droplet phase was drawn into the fine gaps/crevices of the frozen oil phase to bridge droplets, which were considered to be essential to the emulsion breakage, whereas for the NOFBW emulsion, the demulsification was attributed to the collision mechanism proposed in our previous work. The findings may provide some criteria for selecting a proper oil phase in the emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) process and then offer an alternative approach to recycle the oil phase for continuous operation. This work may also be useful for emulsion stability against temperature cycling.