Surface analytical characterization of oxide-free Si(100) wafer surfaces

Summary Wet-chemical cleaning procedures of Si(100) wafers are surface analytically characterized and compared. Hydrophobic surfaces show considerably less native oxides in comparison to hydrophilic surfaces.The growth of the oxide is determined as a function of exposure to air by means of XPS measurements. The chemically shifted Si2p XPS signal is utilized for the quantification of the growth kinetics.One hour after cleaning no chemically shifted Si2p XPS peak is discernible on the hydrophobic surfaces. Assuming homogeneous oxide growth, the detection limit of native oxides is estimated to be below 0.05 nm using an emission angle of 18° with respect to the wafer surface. The calculation of the oxide thickness from the chemically shifted and nonchemically shifted Si2p XPS peak intensities is carried out according to Finster and Schulze [1]. For more than a day after cleaning no surface oxides can be identified on the hydrophobic surfaces. The oxide growth kinetics is logarithmic. The very slow oxidation rate cannot be attributed to fluorine residues since no fluorine is seen by XPS. We explain the slow oxidation rate by a homogeneous hydrogen saturated Si(100) wafer surface.

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Oberflächenanalytische Charakterisierung oxidfreier Si(100)-Waferoberflächen

     

Effects of Nb2O5 on thermal stability and optical properties of Er3+-doped tellurite glasses

Er³⁺-doped tellurite glasses with molar compositions of xNb₂O₅-(14.7-x)Na₂O--10ZnO--5K₂O--10GeO₂-- 60TeO₂--0.3Er₂O₃ (x=0, 3, 5, 7 and 9) have been investigated for developing 1.5~μm fibre and planar amplifiers. The effects of Nb₂O₅ on the thermal stability and optical properties of Er³⁺-doped tellurite glasses have been discussed. It is noted that the incorporation of Nb₂O₅ (x=5) increases the thermal stability of tellurite glasses significantly. Er³⁺-doped niobium tellurite glasses exhibit a large stimulated emission cross-section (7.2\times 10^-21- 10.7×10^-21~cm² and the gain bandwidth, FWHM×\sigma_e^{\rm peak} (274\times 10^-28 - 480×10^-28~cm³), which are significantly higher than that of silicate and phosphate glasses. In addition, the intensity of upconversion luminescence of the Er³⁺-doped niobium tellurite glasses decreases rapidly with increasing Nb₂O₅ content. As a result, Er³⁺-doped niobium tellurite glasses might be a potential candidate for developing laser or optical amplifier devices.     

利用微悬臂梁表面应力研究聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺分子的构象转变

提出了一种基于微悬臂梁传感技术研究大分子折叠/构象转变的新方法.通过分子自组装的方法将热敏性的聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAM)分子链修饰到微悬臂梁的单侧表面，用光杠杆技术检测温度在20—40℃之间变化时由于微悬臂梁上的PNIPAM分子在水中的构象转变所引起的微悬臂梁变形.实验结果显示：在升温过程中，微悬臂梁的表面应力发生了变化并且导致微悬臂梁产生了弯曲变形，这个过程对应着微悬臂梁上的PNIPAM分子从无规线团构象到塌缩小球构象的构象转变.在降温过程中，微悬臂梁发生了反方向的弯曲变形，这对应着PNIPA 关键词： 构象转变 聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺分子链 表面应力 微悬臂梁     

LD抽运Cr~(4 )∶YAG高重复率被动调QNd∶YVO_4激光器

采用Cr4 ∶YAG晶体作为可饱和吸收体,实现连续激光二极管(LD)端面抽运的Nd∶YVO4激光器的高重复率被动调Q·在注入抽运功率为8.8W时,得到重复频率23.8kHz、平均功率1.21W的调Q脉冲序列;每个脉冲能量为51μJ、脉宽为25ns、峰值功率达到2.03kW·实验上研究了脉冲重复频率、平均输出功率、脉冲宽度、单脉冲能量与抽运功率、输出镜透过率的关系·实验结果表明,当抽运功率较大时,脉冲重复频率和输出平均功率随着抽运功率的增加而减小,对此进行了合理的理论解释·     

溶胀后的弹性印章进行毛细微模塑

用溶胀后的聚二甲基硅氧烷弹性印章进行毛细微模塑,得到了聚苯乙烯丙酮溶液的微四方点阵图案．较少的PS溶液滴加量会造成孤立不相连的微点阵图形．同时还获得了由于在收缩过程中各部分溶剂挥发速度不一造成的特殊的微点阵图案．     

Raman spectroscopic study of ceramic Sr2Bi4Ti5O18

Raman spectra of ceramic Sr2Bi4Ti5O18 （SBTi5） are reported to consist of four different Raman bands. Temperature-dependent spectra reveal the relationship between the lattice vibration and the material＇s structure. There appears a relatively large change in structure of the material at about 273K, The anharmonic potential of the material has a great influence on its phonon mode full width at half maximum （FWHM）, which can be expressed by a function of temperature. Theoretical fittings of the FWHMs for the two modes at around 312 cm^-1 and 464cm^-1 indicate that the latter phonon mode is more anharmonic than the former one.     

DIELECTRIC EFFECT ON THE RADIO-FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS OF A RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE GRATING TRAVELING WAVE TUBE

A new type of partial-dielectric-loaded rectangular waveguide grating slow-wave structure (SWS) for millimeter wave traveling wave tube (TWT) is presented in this paper. The radio-frequency characteristics including the dispersion properties, the longitudinal electric field distribution and the beam-wave coupling impedance of this structure are analyzed. The results show that the dispersion of the rectangular waveguide grating circuit is weakened, the phase velocity is reduced and the position of the maximum E _z is basically invariant after partially filling the dielectric materials in the rectangular waveguide grating SWS. Although the coupling impedance decreases a little, it still keeps above 40 Ω.     

乳液聚合阶段Ⅱ动力学研究的进展

本文简述了乳浓聚合动力学研究的进展,着重于澳大利亚Sydney大学Gilbert等在乳液聚合阶段Ⅱ动力学方面的研究概况。介绍了不同水溶性单体的小尺寸种子乳液体系的SmithEwart递推方程的求解方法及其解析解形式和乳液聚合动力学数据的处理。同时讨论了该研究的局限性。