Chemical constituents from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. and their chemotaxonomic significance

Phytochemical investigation of the ethanol extract from the whole plant of Agrimonia pilosa led to the isolation of 31 compounds, including 16 flavonoids (1–16), 5 triterpenes (17–21), 1 isocoumarin (22), 5 phenolic acids (23–27), 1 ceramide (28), 2 agrimols (29–30) and 1 fatty acid (31). Their structures were determined by various spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 5, 7 and 20 were firstly isolated from the genus Agrimonia, and compounds 6, 10–11, 15, 26, 28 and 31 were isolated from the family Rosaceae for the first time. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds was summarised.     

Synthesis and crystal structures of C24‐epimeric 20(R)‐ocotillol‐type saponins

Ocotillol‐type saponins have a wide spectrum of biological activities. Previous studies indicated that the configuration at the C24 position may be responsible for their stereoselectivity in pharmacological action and pharmacokinetics. Natural ocotillol‐type saponins share a 20(S)‐form but it has been found that the 20(R)‐stereoisomers have different pharmacological effects. The semisynthesis of 20(R)‐ocotillol‐type saponins has not been reported and it is therefore worthwhile clarifying their crystal structures. Two C24 epimeric 20(R)‐ocotillol‐type saponins, namely (20R,24S)‐20,24‐epoxydammarane‐3β,12β,25‐triol, C₃₀H₅₂O₄, (III), and (20R,24R)‐20,24‐epoxydammarane‐3β,12β,25‐triol monohydrate, C₃₀H₅₂O₄·H₂O, (IV), were synthesized, and their structures were elucidated by spectral studies and finally confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The (Me)C—O—C—C(OH) torsion angle of (III) is 146.41 (14)°, whereas the corresponding torsion angle of (IV) is −146.4 (7)°, indicating a different conformation at the C24 position. The crystal stacking in (III) generates an R₄⁴(8) motif, through which the molecules are linked into a one‐dimensional double chain. The chains are linked via nonclassical C—H…O hydrogen bonds into a two‐dimensional network, and further stacked into a three‐dimensional structure. In contrast to (III), epimer (IV) crystallizes as a hydrate, in which the water molecules act as hydrogen‐bond donors linking one‐dimensional chains into a two‐dimensional network through intermolecular O—H…O hydrogen bonds. The hydrogen‐bonded chains extend helically along the crystallographic a axis and generate a C₄⁴(8) motif.     

通道调制型偏振成像系统的波段宽度限制判据

通道调制型偏振成像技术是一种体积紧凑、空间分辨率高且能够实时获取全偏振信息的新型偏振成像探测技术. 但该技术目前只能实现准单色光的全偏振探测, 严重制约了其实用化. 本文首先对宽带光通道调制型偏振成像出现混叠现象的原因进行了分析, 得出载波频率是限制波段宽度的主要因素. 据此在空间频谱域上分析并推导了通道调制型偏振成像系统的光谱宽度限制判据公式, 同时通过模型仿真得到了系统的极限有效光谱范围, 与理论推导公式结果进行了对比分析, 验证了判据的准确性. 基于该判据可预测给定通道调制型偏振成像系统的有效工作波段, 同时还可为扩展系统波段宽度提供理论支撑.     

声学脉冲序列及全透声机理研究

本文研究一维周期性层状结构中材料弹性模量时变因素作用下的声透射临界现象, 探究了这种声学脉冲序列及全透声现象的内在机理. 考虑弹性模量时变因素的影响, 通过求解波动方程, 运用分离变量法解得特征指数, 进而得到临界现象. 当调制幅值低于或等于临界值时, 周期性结构能够将入射波转化为一系列周期的毫秒级的反射脉冲序列; 尤其在调制幅值等于临界值时, 当周期性结构的层数达到16层时, 反射脉冲序列有完整的0和1 的波形; 当大于临界值时, 反射系数在50 ms内迅速衰减至0, 此时的结构相当于完全透声, 入射波可以无损地完全透过, 产生调制透声现象. 这些特殊的现象可为声波的动态控制、声脉冲序列的产生和声波的定向传播提供重要的理论依据, 在超声换能器及调制透声方面具有实际的工程应用前景.     

Ga空位对GaN:Gd体系磁性影响的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理结合投影缀加平面波的方法,研究了GaN中Ga被稀土元素Gd替代以及与邻近N或Ga空位组成的缺陷复合体的晶格常数、磁矩、形成能以及电子结构等性质.结果发现,Gd掺杂GaN后禁带宽度变窄,由直接带隙半导体转为间接带隙半导体;单个Gd原子掺杂给体系引入大约7μB的磁矩;在Gd与Ga或N空位形成的缺陷复合体系中,N空位对引入磁矩贡献很小,大约0.1μB,Ga空位能引入约2μB的磁矩.随着Ga空位的增多,体系总磁矩增加,但增加量与Ga空位的位置分布密切相关.当Ga空位分布较为稀疏时,Gd单原子磁矩受影响较小,但当Ga空位距离较近且倾向于形成团簇时,Gd单原子磁矩明显增加,而且这种情况下空位形成能也最小.     

Synchronous fluorescence determination of human serum albumin with methyl blue as a fluorescence probe

A new synchronous fluorescence scan analysis was developed for the determination of HSA with high sensitivity with a triphenylmethane acid dye methyl blue as a fluorescence probe. When Deltalambda=140 nm, the synchronous fluorescence peak of methyl blue is located at 323 nm and the synchronous fluorescence intensity of the methyl blue is significantly increased in the presence of trace HSA due to the complex formed between methyl blue and HSA at pH 4.1. Under optimal conditions, the calibration graphs are linear over the range 0.03-266.0 and 266.0-665.0 microg mL(-1) for human serum albumin (HSA). Limit of determination were 0.03 microg mL(-1) for HSA. In the detection of HSA in human serum samples, this method gave values close the clinical data got from hospital.     

Pharmacokinetic study of salvianolic acid A in rat after intravenous administration of Danshen injection

In order to research the pharmacokinetics of salvianolic acid A (SalA), a herbal ingredient isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, after intravenous administration to rats, a specific and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed. The assay procedure involved simple liquid-liquid extraction of SalA and internal standard (IS, ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate) from plasma into ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated and evaporated under reduced pressure at 40 degrees C. The residue was reconstituted in the mobile phase and analyzed on an Inertsil C8 column, monitored at 285 nm. The mobile phase, which consisted of methanol-acetonitrile-water-formic acid (10:20:70:0.4, by vol), was used at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The ratio of the peak area of the analyte to IS was applied to quantify the plasma samples. The standard curve for SalA was linear (r2 = 0.9999) in the concentration range of 0.75-150 microg/mL. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) of SalA was 0.75 microg/mL. The intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD) of the quality control (QC) samples were in the ranges of 2.17-3.29 and 1.24-5.28%, respectively. Accuracy in the measurement of QC samples ranged from 94.7 to 101.1%. This method was validated for specificity, accuracy and precision and was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of SalA in rat plasma after intravenous administration of Danshen injection.     

Efficient modification on PLLA by ozone treatment for biomedical applications

RGDS (Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser) is immobilized on poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) with ozone oxidation and the addition of an intermediate reactant, acryl succinimide (ASI) to promote the grafting efficiency. A DPPH (2,2-di(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay has revealed that the peroxide concentration can be controlled by adjusting the ozone treatment time. The immobilization of ASI is verified by elemental analysis. The peptide concentrations are in the effective order, as shown by means of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the grafting efficiency is proven to be relatively high compared with the previous studies. The culture of rat osteosarcoma 17/2.8 (ROS), osteoblastic-like cells, demonstrates that the grafting of RGDS can enhance the attachment and osteogenesis of ROS cells on PLLA. With the addition of ASI, the cultured ROS cells express normal function in proliferation and mineralization. From in vivo experiments, ASI immobilized on the surface is shown to be biocompatible. These results lead to the conclusion that the ozone treatment with the intermediate reactant ASI is an efficient, biocompatible, and easily controllable procedure to modify PLLA. Furthermore, the immobilization of RGDS in significant amounts following the ozone oxidation could further promote the biocompatibility and the osteoinduction of PLLA.