Imaging through scattering medium by recording 3D “spatial-frequential” interferograms

Speed acquisition for image formation process through scattering medium is a challenge in optical coherence tomography (OCT) approach. Besides time domain (TD), spectral Fourier domain (FD) is now widely studied. By using a swept laser source, we demonstrate that a particular time domain OCT method (optical SISAM correlator) can be simultaneously implemented in a single set-up with the corresponding Fourier domain OCT approach (spectral interferometry). Then, FD-OCT and TD-OCT signals are obtained by processing a 3D “spatial-frequential” interferences pattern. We show that these two numerical approaches can be complementary when imaging in scattering medium is achieved.     

Absorption and emission spectroscopy in scattering media: modelling of fluorescence decay curves and photometric laws for systems with inhomogeneous absorber distribution

Summary The optical absorption and fluorescence of scattering samples is investigated theoretically and experimentally under the condition of steady-state and pulsed irradiation, taking into account inhomogeneous distribution of the absorbing species. Based on the Kubelka-Munk model, numerical iterative expressions for the steady-state and time-resolved light flues of excitation and emission are derived. The intensities of reflected, transmitted and forward or backward emitted radiation in layered samples with vertical concentration gradients are discussed. Modification of fluorescence spectra and decay curves due to self absorption, background absorption, secondary emission and time of flight dispersion are calculated and compared to experimental data of hydrocarbons adsorbed on polycrystalline silica gel.     

Sorption and pervaporation of dilute aqueous solutions of organic compounds through polymer membranes

Pervaporation of dilute aqueous binary mixtures of four organic compounds (benzene, chloroform, acetone and ethanol) through nitrile—butadiene and styrene—butadiene copolymers was investigated. A pervaporation device has been built, which allows measurement of the pervaporation flux and selectivity of a membrane as a function of the upstream composition of the feed and the downstream total pressure of the pervaporate. In order to relate pervaporation results to equilibrium properties of the membranes, the sorption of water and dilute aqueous solutions was mainly investigated. The pervaporation of dilute aqueous solutions of benzene and chloroform has been extensively studied, including the separation of traces of chloroform, and is modelled through a “sixcoefficients exponential model” [1]. This model is derived from a solution—diffusion analysis of the selective transfer, assuming an exponential dependence of both diffusivities on concentrations of both permeants. Semi-quantitative information about the potential interactions existing in the system solute i—solvent j—membrane and about the concentration profiles at steady-state may be derived from these coefficients.     

Droites de saut des fibrés stables de rang élevé sur ℙ2

Sans résumé     

Un Algorithme de Calcul en Thermoélasticité Dynamique

Résumé Les auteurs considèrent le problème aux limites mixte de la thermoélasticité dynamique couplée linéaire à une dimension. L'algorithme proposé calcule dans l'espace-temps réel les deux composantes thermique—et élastique—modifiée de la solution. Une application est donnée au problème de Danilovskaïa.

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Summary The authors consider the mixed boundary-value problem of one-dimensional coupled linear thermoelasto-dynamics. The algorithm proposed rests on the direct calculation in the real space-time of the modified elastic and thermal components of the solution. An application is given to the problem of Danilovskaïa.

     

Angular momentum transfer and spin dealignment mechanisms in damped nuclear reactions Ar+Bi and Ni+Pb

The angular momentum transferred to fragment spins has been studied in the damped nuclear reactions Ar+Bi at 255 MeV and 295 MeV and Ni+Pb at 435 MeV from measurement of the angular distribution of the fission fragments of the heavy-recoil nucleus in coincidence with the projectile-like fragment. The heavy-fragment spin is strongly aligned along the normal to the reaction plane and the rigid-rotation limit of the dinuclear system is attained. The dealignment mechanisms produce spin components mainly located in a plane approximately perpendicular to the heavy-recoil lab direction. They are well described by a dynamical model based on the nucleon exchange between the two ions during the collision. The spin-component fluctuations reach high values. In the heavy-recoil direction, these fluctuations are increasing with the total kinetic energy loss and the charge transfer from the projectile to the target. The spin values extracted from both the angular distributions and the fission probabilities are seen to be compatible.     

Light-induced redistribution and photobleaching of protoporphyrin in erythrocytes from patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria: an explanation of the rapid fading of fluorocytes

Erythrocytes from patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) contain large amounts of protoporphyrin. By fluorescence microscopy it has been found that the erythrocytes show red fluorescence which fades very rapidly. During irradiation of erythrocytes from patients with EPP, a decrease in the fluorescence intensity and a red shift in the fluorescence emission maximum is observed. Since the human eye has a diminishing sensitivity in the red part of the spectrum, the red shift will augment the fluorescence decrease observed in the microscope. The decrease in fluorescence intensity is greater than what would be expected by photobleaching of protoporphyrin alone. We suggest that the rapid fading of fluorocytes observed in a fluorescence microscope can be explained both by photoinduced detachment of protoporphyrin from hemoglobin followed by a redistribution to the erythrocyte membrane and by protoporphyrin photobleaching.     

Separation of benzene—n-heptane mixtures by pervaporation with elastomeric membranes. I. Performance of membranes

The different parameters affecting the separation characteristics by pervaporation of a benzene—n-heptane mixture on poly(butadiene—acrylonitrile) (NBR) and poly(butadiene —styrene) (SBR) membranes were investigated. A selectivity for benzene of between 2 and 8 may be obtained with pervaporation rates from 600 to 20 μm-l/hr-m² . In the ranges investigated, level of curing agent, agitation and downstream pressure factors have a negligible effect compared with membrane composition, temperature and feed composition.