全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2801篇 |
免费 | 126篇 |
国内免费 | 15篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1522篇 |
晶体学 | 59篇 |
力学 | 114篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
数学 | 594篇 |
物理学 | 650篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 21篇 |
2022年 | 29篇 |
2021年 | 45篇 |
2020年 | 73篇 |
2019年 | 94篇 |
2018年 | 116篇 |
2017年 | 96篇 |
2016年 | 147篇 |
2015年 | 92篇 |
2014年 | 131篇 |
2013年 | 348篇 |
2012年 | 173篇 |
2011年 | 189篇 |
2010年 | 188篇 |
2009年 | 138篇 |
2008年 | 185篇 |
2007年 | 148篇 |
2006年 | 105篇 |
2005年 | 76篇 |
2004年 | 78篇 |
2003年 | 92篇 |
2002年 | 59篇 |
2001年 | 53篇 |
2000年 | 44篇 |
1999年 | 18篇 |
1998年 | 22篇 |
1997年 | 21篇 |
1996年 | 18篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有2942条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
121.
Nuray Şatıroğlu İlknur Tokgöz 《International journal of environmental analytical chemistry》2013,93(7):560-572
Cloud point extraction was applied as a preconcentration step for the determination of trace level of Al(III) in water samples with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and UV-visible spectrophotometry. The aluminum was extracted as aluminum-Eriochrome Cyanine R (ECR) complex, at pH 6 by micelles of the non-ionic surfactant octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (Triton X-114). The investigations showed that the same CPE procedure can be used for different detection techniques. The results obtained from these techniques were evaluated. Under the optimal conditions, limit of detection obtained with ETAAS, FAAS and UV-visible spectrophotometry were 0.03 ng mL?1, 0.06 µg mL?1 and 0.01 µg mL?1, respectively. The accuracy of the procedure was tested by analysing certified reference material. The method was successfully applied to determination of aluminum in water samples and dialysis fluid. 相似文献
122.
2-(2-Aminoethylamino)ethanol (L) reacts with cupric bromide in dimethylformamide to give a mononuclear complex of Cu(II) [L2Cu]Br2, with six-coordinate distorted octahedral geometry, in which two molecules of tridentate (N,N,O) ligand are involved. The structure was confirmed by spectroscopic methods, elemental and thermogravimetric analyses, and magnetic measurements. Optimization of possible configurations indicated the formation of the trans structure of the complex. Experimental results indicate that the investigated complex, bis[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethanol] copper(II) bromide, behaves as a semiconductor in the studied temperature range of 298–388 K. Gas sensing properties of the film for the volatile organic compounds (VOCs): acetone, tetra-chloromethane, chloroform, ethanol, and methanol, were also investigated as a function of vapor concentration and temperature in dark. The film showed maximum sensitivity to tetrachloromethane and ethanol vapors at room temperature. Responses of the film to the tested gases are reversible. 相似文献
123.
S. Sönmezoğlu T. A. Termeli S. Akın İ. Askeroğlu 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2013,67(1):97-104
In this work, tellurium (Te) doped CdO nanoparticles thin films with different Te concentrations (1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 %) were prepared by sol–gel method. The effects of Te doping on the structural, morphological and optical properties of the CdO thin films were systematically studied. From X-ray diffraction spectra, it has seen that all of thin films were formed polycrystalline and cubic structure having (111), (200) and (311) orientations. The structure of CdO thin films with Te-dopant was formed the unstable CdTeO3 monoclinic structure crystal plane ( $ {\bar{\text{1}}\text{22}} $ 1 ¯ 22 ), however, the intensity of this unstable peak of the crystalline phase decreased with the increase of Te-doping ratio. The strain in the structure is also studied by using Williamson-Hall method. From FE-SEM images, it has seen that particles have homogeneously distributed and well hold onto the substrate surface. Additionally, grain size increases from 27 to 121 nm with the increase of Te-doping ratio. Optical results indicate that 1 % Te-doped CdO thin film has the maximum transmittance of about 87 %, and the values of optical energy band gap increases from 2.50 to 2.64 eV with the increase of Te-doping ratio. These results make Te-doped CdO thin films an attractive candidate for thin film material applications. 相似文献
124.
125.
126.
127.
Grooming uniform all‐to‐all traffic in optical (SONET) rings with grooming ratio C requires the determination of a decomposition of the complete graph into subgraphs each having at most C edges. The drop cost of such a grooming is the total number of vertices of nonzero degree in these subgraphs, and the grooming is optimal when the drop cost is minimum. The determination of optimal C‐groomings has been considered for , and completely solved for . For , it has been shown that the lower bound for the drop cost of an optimal C‐grooming can be attained for almost all orders with 5 exceptions and 308 possible exceptions. For , there are infinitely many unsettled orders; especially the case is far from complete. In this paper, we show that the lower bound for the drop cost of a 6‐grooming can be attained for almost all orders by reducing the 308 possible exceptions to 3, and that the lower bound for the drop cost of a 7‐grooming can be attained for almost all orders with seven exceptions and 16 possible exceptions. Moreover, for the unsettled orders, we give upper bounds for the minimum drop costs. 相似文献
128.
Simultaneous determination of seven phthalic acid esters in beverages using ultrasound and vortex‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of separation science》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Pelin Köseoğlu Yılmaz Abdulselam Ertaş Ufuk Kolak 《Journal of separation science》2014,37(16):2111-2117
A sensitive, rapid, and simple high‐performance liquid chromatography with UV detection method was developed for the simultaneous determination of seven phthalic acid esters (dimethyl phthalate, dipropyl phthalate, di‐n‐butyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate, and di‐n‐octyl phthalate) in several kinds of beverage samples. Ultrasound and vortex‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method was used. The separation was performed using an Intersil ODS‐3 column (C18, 250 × 4.6 mm, 5.0 μm) and a gradient elution with a mobile phase consisting of MeOH/ACN (50:50) and 0.2 M KH2PO4 buffer. Analytes were detected by a UV detector at 230 nm. The developed method was validated in terms of linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, repeatability, accuracy, and recovery. Calibration equations and correlation coefficients (> 0.99) were calculated by least squares method with weighting factor. The limit of detection and quantification were in the range of 0.019–0.208 and 0.072–0.483 μg/L. The repeatability and intermediate precision were determined in terms of relative standard deviation to be within 0.03–3.93 and 0.02–4.74%, respectively. The accuracy was found to be in the range of –14.55 to 15.57% in terms of relative error. Seventeen different beverage samples in plastic bottles were successfully analyzed, and ten of them were found to be contaminated by different phthalic acid esters. 相似文献
129.
The inhibition efficiency of 2-Pyrrolidin-1-yl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid (PTCA) against mild steel (MS) corrosion was investigated in acidic solution by using quantum chemical calculations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) method and electrochemical measurements. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic, potential zero charge (pzc) analysis and electrochemical noise (EN) measurements at various concentrations (from 0.1 to 10 mM) and immersion times were utilized in experimental part. The surface analysis was achieved scanning electron microscope (SEM) and contact angle measurements in the absence and presence of 10 mM PTCA. According to DFT results, PTCA exhibited 3.737 eV band gap and 8.130 Debye dipole moment which were a signal of potentially convenient corrosion inhibitor properties. PTCA has a remarkable corrosion inhibition capability to mild steel, which inhibited both anodic and cathodic corrosion rates, relying on it's physically adsorption on the metal solution interface and protection ability was increased with increasing PTCA concentration. The obtained adsorption equilibrium constant was 11.11 × 103 M-1 and calculated standard free energy of adsorption was ?33.03 kJ mol?1. The determined activation energy values were 55.58 kJ mol?1 and 96.86 kJ mol?1 in 0.5 M HCl in the absence and presence of 10 mM PTCA, respectively. PTCA demonstrated a strong inhibition efficiency of 98.3%, after 168 h immersion, according to the EIS results. As a consequently, we recommend that PTCA is a convenient inhibitor in 0.1 M HCl for mild steel protection against corrosion. 相似文献
130.
Bayrakdar Alpaslan Mert Samet Kasımoğulları Rahmi Bangaru Sathya Manivannan Prasath 《Research on Chemical Intermediates》2022,48(5):2087-2109
Research on Chemical Intermediates - Trifluoromethyl group containing pyrazole-3-carboxamide derivative is synthesized and the structure of the molecule (E3N5PC) has been verified by using FT-IR,... 相似文献