全文获取类型
收费全文 | 219178篇 |
免费 | 2083篇 |
国内免费 | 480篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 117305篇 |
晶体学 | 2722篇 |
力学 | 9649篇 |
综合类 | 7篇 |
数学 | 22766篇 |
物理学 | 69292篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 1764篇 |
2020年 | 1960篇 |
2019年 | 2189篇 |
2018年 | 2924篇 |
2017年 | 2989篇 |
2016年 | 4395篇 |
2015年 | 2462篇 |
2014年 | 3956篇 |
2013年 | 9246篇 |
2012年 | 7471篇 |
2011年 | 9087篇 |
2010年 | 6587篇 |
2009年 | 6617篇 |
2008年 | 8317篇 |
2007年 | 8225篇 |
2006年 | 7799篇 |
2005年 | 7063篇 |
2004年 | 6345篇 |
2003年 | 5667篇 |
2002年 | 5733篇 |
2001年 | 6248篇 |
2000年 | 4715篇 |
1999年 | 3641篇 |
1998年 | 3226篇 |
1997年 | 3105篇 |
1996年 | 2785篇 |
1995年 | 2632篇 |
1994年 | 2612篇 |
1993年 | 2391篇 |
1992年 | 2698篇 |
1991年 | 2881篇 |
1990年 | 2639篇 |
1989年 | 2669篇 |
1988年 | 2536篇 |
1987年 | 2399篇 |
1986年 | 2289篇 |
1985年 | 2934篇 |
1984年 | 3127篇 |
1983年 | 2606篇 |
1982年 | 2792篇 |
1981年 | 2586篇 |
1980年 | 2483篇 |
1979年 | 2671篇 |
1978年 | 2960篇 |
1977年 | 2847篇 |
1976年 | 2799篇 |
1975年 | 2684篇 |
1974年 | 2748篇 |
1973年 | 2708篇 |
1972年 | 1841篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 156 毫秒
71.
S.V. Ivanov M.Yu. Chernov V.A. Solovev P.N. Brunkov D.D. Firsov O.S. Komkov 《Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials》2019,65(1):20-35
High-efficiency semiconductor lasers and light-emitting diodes operating in the 3–5?μm mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectral range are currently of great demand for a wide variety of applications, in particular, gas sensing, noninvasive medical tests, IR spectroscopy etc. III-V compounds with a lattice constant of about 6.1?Å are traditionally used for this spectral range. The attractive idea to fabricate such emitters on GaAs substrates by using In(Ga,Al)As compounds is restricted by either the minimum operating wavelength of ~8?μm in case of pseudomorphic AlGaAs-based quantum cascade lasers or requires utilization of thick metamorphic InxAl1-xAs buffer layers (MBLs) playing a key role in reducing the density of threading dislocations (TDs) in an active region, which otherwise result in a strong decay of the quantum efficiency of such mid-IR emitters. In this review we present the results of careful investigations of employing the convex-graded InxAl1-xAs MBLs for fabrication by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs (001) substrates of In(Ga,Al)As heterostructures with a combined type-II/type-I InSb/InAs/InGaAs quantum well (QW) for efficient mid-IR emitters (3–3.6?μm). The issues of strain relaxation, elastic stress balance, efficiency of radiative and non-radiative recombination at T?=?10–300?K are discussed in relation to molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth conditions and designs of the structures. A wide complex of techniques including in-situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning and transmission electron microscopies, X-ray diffractometry, reciprocal space mapping, selective area electron diffraction, as well as photoluminescence (PL) and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy was used to study in detail structural and optical properties of the metamorphic QW structures. Optimization of the growth conditions (the substrate temperature, the As4/III ratio) and elastic strain profiles governed by variation of an inverse step in the In content profile between the MBL and the InAlAs virtual substrate results in decrease in the TD density (down to 3?×?107 cm?2), increase of the thickness of the low-TD-density near-surface MBL region to 250–300?nm, the extremely low surface roughness with the RMS value of 1.6–2.4?nm, measured by AFM, as well as rather high 3.5?μm-PL intensity at temperatures up to 300?K in such structures. The obtained results indicate that the metamorphic InSb/In(Ga,Al)As QW heterostructures of proper design, grown under the optimum MBE conditions, are very promising for fabricating the efficient mid-IR emitters on a GaAs platform. 相似文献
72.
Avramenko Andriy A. Shevchuk Igor V. Dmitrenko Nataliia P. Skitsko Ivan F. 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2022,147(22):12709-12719
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - The paper focuses on the analytical analysis of the propagation of a normal shock wave in an adiabatic gas flow with nanoparticles. A modified... 相似文献
73.
Mohammad Azam Saud I. Al-Resayes Agata Trzesowska-Kruszynska Rafal Kruszynski S.F. Adil N.K. Lokanath 《Journal of Saudi Chemical Society》2019,23(5):636-641
A new derivative of dioxouranium(VI) salen complex, [UO2(L)(pyridine)], where [L = N,N′-Bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine] is synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis (C, H, N), FT-IR, ESI-MS spectrometry, UV/Vis, fluorescence, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric (TG) study. Furthermore, the single crystal X-ray diffraction measurements of the complex were carried out at 100 and 273 K. The crystal structure measurements revealed that the complex has distorted pentagonal bipyramidal geometry with uranium atom located at the centre and bonded to two phenoxy oxygen and two azomethine nitrogen in tetradenate fashion and one nitrogen from pyridine making it seven coordinated. In addition, the photoluminescence property of the complex was also recorded. 相似文献
74.
Adly M. E. Gedawy E. M. El-Malah A. A. El-Telbany F. A. 《Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry》2019,55(8):1189-1196
Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry - Selenopheno[2,3-d]pyrimidine- and selenopheno[2,3-d][1,2,3]triazine-containing compounds were synthesized starting from... 相似文献
75.
E. V. Shadrina O. N. Malinkina T. G. Khonina A. B. Shipovskaya V. I. Fomina E. Yu. Larchenko N. A. Popova I. G. Zyryanova L. P. Larionov 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》2015,64(7):1633-1639
The biomimetic sol—gel synthesis of silicon—chitosan-containing glycerohydrogels was carried out using silicon tetraglycerolate as a precursor. It was found that chitosan accelerates gel formation in weakly acidic media. In more acidic media, the kinetics of the process changes according to the curve with a maximum, which can be attributed to different mechanisms of silanol condensation before and after the isoelectric point. The investigated silicon—chitosan-containing glycerohydrogels exhibit antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activity. The synthesized hybrid glycerohydrogels are promising materials for biomedical applications. 相似文献
76.
Optics and Spectroscopy - We propose an approach to the analysis and interpretation of spectra of photoinduced circular dichroism (PICD) of semiconductor nanocrystals, in particular, quantum dots,... 相似文献
77.
Valentin A. Semenov Dmitry O. Samultsev Leonid B. Krivdin 《Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC》2020,58(6):532-539
The density functional theory calculation of 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts in a series of ten 10 classically known Strychnos alkaloids with a strychnine skeleton was performed at the PBE0/pcSseg-2//pcseg-2 level. It was found that calculated 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts provided a markedly good correlation with experiment characterized by a mean absolute error of 0.08 ppm in the range of 7 ppm for protons and 1.67 ppm in the range of 150 ppm for carbons, so that a mean absolute percentage error was as small as ~1% in both cases. 相似文献
78.
Rogozhkin S. V. Khomich A. A. Bogachev A. A. Nikitin A. A. Khoroshilov V. V. Kulevoy T. V. Fedin P. A. Pryanishnikov K. E. Lukyanchuk A. A. Raznitsyn O. A. Shutov A. S. Zaluzhnyi A. G. Vasiliev A. L. Presniakov M. Yu. 《Physics of Atomic Nuclei》2020,83(11):1519-1528
Physics of Atomic Nuclei - Improved mechanical properties of oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steels, the advanced materials for the reactor core, are due to the high density of uniformly... 相似文献
79.
JETP Letters - At the resonant passage of a plane elastic shear wave through an acoustically continuous heterostructure consisting of magnetic and nonmagnetic layers in a symmetric nonmagnetic... 相似文献
80.
Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics - We analyze the features of energetic electron precipitation (with the maximum energy E ≥ 150 keV) from the Earth’s radiation belt into a... 相似文献