On aggregating Benefit of the Doubt composite indicators

In this short communication, I propose a procedure to aggregate individual composite indicators (CIs) into a group CI (e.g., aggregate CI for a group of countries) that is based on the work of Färe and Zelenyuk (2003) that was originally presented in the efficiency measurement literature. It is shown that the implementation of the aggregation procedure into the CI-context is rather straightforward. To illustrate the procedure in the CI-setting, an aggregate CI for human development for the global EU-region is computed using the EU Member States’ HDI sub-indicators.     

ortho‐Quinone Methides in Natural Product Synthesis

ortho‐Quinone methides (o‐QMs) are emerging as highly useful intermediates, the inherent reactivity of which can be used in linchpin reactions for the construction of complex natural products. This review encompasses the major contributions in this field, exemplifying the major strategies and reactivity modes which can be applied.     

ortho-Quinone methides in natural product synthesis

ortho-Quinone methides (o-QMs) are emerging as highly useful intermediates, the inherent reactivity of which can be used in linchpin reactions for the construction of complex natural products. This review encompasses the major contributions in this field, exemplifying the major strategies and reactivity modes which can be applied.     

Sub-nanosecond, 1–10?kHz, low-threshold, non-critical OPOs based on periodically poled KTP crystal pumped at 1,064?nm

We employed a 9-mm long periodically poled KTiOPO₄ (PPKTP) crystal in an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) to generate sub-nanosecond idler pulses around 2.8???m. With a 1-cm long OPO cavity in a singly resonant configuration and double pass pumping by 1-ns pulses at 1,064?nm, the maximum idler energy reached 110???J at 1?kHz. Pumping with 500?ps pulses at 1?C10?kHz, resulted in an idler energy of ~50???J and the shortest pulse duration of ~250?ps, ever reported for an OPO. The corresponding quantum conversion efficiencies were 32.5 and 34.9?%, respectively.     

Potassium Phthalocyanine, KPc: one-dimensional molecular stacks bridged by K+ ions

We report the synthesis of potassium phthalocyanine (KPc) and its structural characterization by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. We find that while KPc adopts the beta-polymorphic structural type (monoclinic space group P21/a) common for many MPc solids, its structure is characterized by unique features. The K+ ions, which are statistically disordered over two symmetry-equivalent positions, reside in the intrastack spacing of the rodlike molecular assemblies and strongly bond equidistantly to selected N atoms of the two neighboring Pc rings along the chain direction with an unusual 5-fold coordination. The K+-stuffed slipped stacks of Pc units display much greater intrastack and slippage distances than those of other beta-MPc polymorphs. They may be thought as comprising disordered dimeric (Pc)22- units; this leads to electron pairing and is consistent with the observed nonmagnetic response of the system.     

Fabrication of double quantum dots by combining afm and e-beam lithography

In recent years several attempts have been made to fabricate coupled quantum dots as a crucial element of quantum computing devices. One important challenge is to achieve a reliable control of the interdot tunneling. For this purpose we have combined direct nanolithography by local anodic oxidation (LAO) with standard electron-beam lithography. LAO is used to produce parallel double quantum dots. Additional metallic split gates are responsible for the control of the interdot coupling. We describe our fabrication scheme and demonstrate the function in low-temperature transport measurements.     

Lower and upper Loeb-integrals

We introduce the concepts of lower and upper Loeb-integrals for an internal integration structure. These are concepts which are similarly useful for Loebs internal integration theory as the concepts of inner and outer Loeb-measures for Loebs measure theory.

     

Best one-sided L 1-approximation by harmonic functions

Let , where B is the open unit ball in (), and let denote the collection of functions h in which are harmonic on B and satisfy on . A function h ^* in is called a best harmonic one-sided L ¹-approximant to f if for all h in . This paper characterizes such approximants and discusses questions of existence and uniqueness. Corresponding results for approximation on the cylinder are also established, but the proofs in this case are more difficult and rely on recent work concerning tangential harmonic approximation. The characterizations are quite different in nature from those recently obtained for harmonic L ¹-approximation without a one-sidedness condition. Received: 25 September 1997     

Synthesis and structures of gold perfluorophthalimido complexes

Compounds of the new tetrafluorophthalimido anion, [C(6)F(4)(CO)(2)N](-), are readily accessible by treatment of tetrafluorophthalimide with either LiNPr(i)(2) or mixtures of NEt(3) and Me(3)ECl (E = Si or Sn), to give C(6)F(4)(CO)(2)N-X (X = Li 3, SiMe(3)4, and SnMe(3)5). The reaction of the trimethylsilyl derivative 4 with AgF leads cleanly to the ion pair complex [Ag(NCMe)(2)][Ag(N(CO)(2)C(6)F(4))(2)] (6·2MeCN), which contains a linear [Ag{N(CO)(2)C(6)F(4)}(2)](-) anion and a tetracoordinate Ag(+) cation. Compound 6 reacts with iodine to give the N-iodo compound C(6)F(4)(CO)(2)NI 7, which crystallises as an acetonitrile adduct. Treatment of 6 with LAuCl affords LAu{N(CO)(2)C(6)F(4)} (L = Ph(3)P 8a, Cy(3)P 8b, or THT 9), whereas the reaction with AuCl in acetonitrile affords the heterobinuclear compound [Ag(MeCN)(2)][Au{N(CO)(2)C(6)F(4)}(2)]·MeCN (10·3MeCN). The tetrafluorophthalimido ligand is not readily displaced by donor ligands; however, the addition of B(C(6)F(5))(3)(Et(2)O) to a diethyl ether solution of 8a leads to the salt [Au(PPh(3))(2)][N{COB(C(6)F(5))(3)}(2)C(6)F(4))] 11. The analogous reaction of (THT)Au{N(CO)(2)C(6)F(4)} with B(C(6)F(5))(3) in toluene in the presence of excess norbornene (nb) gives [Au(nb)(3)][N{COB(C(6)F(5))(3)}(2)C(6)F(4))] 12. Compounds 11 and 12 contain a new non-coordinating phthalimido-bridged diborate anion with O-bonded boron atoms. The crystal structures of compounds 2-11 are reported.