Three Escin‐Like Triterpene Saponins: Assamicins VI,VII, and VIII from the Seeds of Aesculus assamica Griff

Three new escin‐like triterpene saponins, assamicins VI ( 1 ), VII ( 2 ), and VIII ( 3 ), were isolated from the seeds of A. assamica, together with a known saponin, isoescin Ib ( 4 ). Their structures were established as 28‐O‐acetyl‐21‐O‐(3,4‐di‐O‐angeloyl‐6‐deoxy‐β‐glucopyranosyl)‐3‐O‐{O‐β‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐O‐[β‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→4)]‐β‐glucopyranuronosyl}protoaescigenin ( 1 ), 21‐O‐angeloyl‐3‐O‐{O‐α‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐O‐[β‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)]‐β‐glucopyranuronosyl}protoaescigenin ( 2 ), and 21‐O‐angeloyl‐3‐O‐{O‐[β‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)]‐β‐glucopyranuronosyl}protoaescigenin ( 3 ) on the basis of spectroscopic analysis (protoaescigenin=(3β,4β,16α,21β,22α)‐olean‐12‐ene‐3,16,21,22,23,28‐hexol; angelic acid=(2Z)‐2‐methylbut‐2‐enoic acid).     

Investigation into the surface modification of aragonite whiskers

Aragonite whiskers (AWs) were treated with several fatty acid surfactants and silane coupling agent in order to determine the optimal modifier by using contact angle measurements. The results revealed that the AWs modified by fatty acids showed more remarkable increase in the contact angle than by silane, suggesting the former were preferentially applied in modifying AWs. While the samples coated with fatty acids exhibited hydrophobicity with contact angles ranging from 104.08° to 137.87° with increasing of carbon chain length. Therefore, the highest contact angle of AWs treated by oleic acid was discussed in detail as an example, which was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermo‐gravimetry analyses (TGA), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). FESEM and TEM results showed a thin layer coated on the modified sample surface. Both the results of TGA and XPS confirmed organic groups existed in the sample of AWs treated by oleic acid. FTIR demonstrated that calcium dioleate was formed in the modification process. Further, modification mechanism was proposed based on the obtained results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

聚碳酸亚丙酯洗涤工段洗涤液组分分析

采用气质联用法对聚碳酸亚丙酯（PPC）生产工艺中洗涤工段洗涤液组分进行定性及定量分析。分析结果表明洗涤液中的杂质主要有1-甲氧基-2．丙醇、2-甲氧基-1-丙醇、碳酸二甲酯、二丙撑二醇、碳酸丙烯酯。1次洗涤液中含环氧丙烷32．34％,含甲醇58．74％;4次洗涤液中含环氧丙烷10．61％,含甲醇89．01％。随着洗涤次数的增加,样品中环氧丙炕含量减小,甲醇含量增大。     

Advent of the cancer methylome

DNA hypermethylation of CpG islands plays an important role in gene regulation during cancer development. Many techniques have been developed to detect global DNA methylation in cancer cells compared to normal tissues. This knowledge helps us to better understand cancer progression and also aids in the development of new biomarker for early cancer detection. New prognostic tools for monitoring drug efficacy during cancer treatment can also be developed. In this review, we will examine the different techniques that have been used to study DNA methylation, as well as the emerging high resolution, high throughput techniques for identification of methylated regions to defining cancer related genes in the cancer methylome.     

Controllable selective exfoliation of high-quality graphene nanosheets and nanodots by ionic liquid assisted grinding

Bulk quantities of graphene nanosheets and nanodots have been selectively fabricated by mechanical grinding exfoliation of natural graphite in a small quantity of ionic liquids. The resulting graphene sheets and dots are solvent free with low levels of naturally absorbed oxygen, inherited from the starting graphite. The sheets are only two to five layers thick. The graphene nanodots have diameters in the range of 9-29 nm and heights in the range of 1-16 nm, which can be controlled by changing the processing time.     

电脉冲激活猪卵母细胞的研究

通过对猪卵母细胞的电激活进行系统研究,结果表明：对于体外成熟卵母细胞,电场强度为 １ ２５０ Ｖ／ｃｍ ,脉冲时程为４０、６０ μｓ时,效果较好,一次脉冲激活率可达８５．３％ 和８７．１％ ;而对于体内成熟卵母细胞,电场强度为１ ５００ Ｖ／ｃｍ ,脉冲时程为４０、６０ μｓ 时,效果较好,一次脉冲激活率达８５．７％ 和８８．２％ ;增加脉冲次数并不能显著提高激活率,反而使卵母细胞裂解率显著增加;激活液选用０．３ ｍ ｏｌ／ Ｌ甘露醇（含０．１ ｍ ｍ ｏｌ／ Ｌ Ｍｇ Ｓ Ｏ４ ）时,添加 ０．１ ｍ ｍ ｏｌ／ Ｌ Ｃａ Ｃｌ２ ,获得较好的激活率（８７．８％ ）电脉冲激活卵母细胞后进一步培养,体内和体外成熟卵母细胞的发育率并无显著差异     

Effects of Density and Thickness of Interlayer on RT Instability of Interfaces

This work focuses on the characteristics of the Rayleigh-Taylor Instability （RTI） of the interfaces formed by two semi-infinitely distributed fluids and one interlayer. In consideration of the coupling effects between the interfaces, the expression of the growth rate is obtained. The result reveals that the instability growth rate depends on the density and thickness of the interlayer. It is found that /f the interlayer thickness is less than 0.6 times of the disturbing wavelength, the coupling effects should be considered.     

Direct Electrochemistry of Hemoglobin in Layer-by-layer {PDDA/Hb}_n Films Assembled on Pyrolytic Graphite Electrodes

The principle of alternate adsorption can be used to design and control specific molecular architectures1. Protein-polyion layer-by-layer assembly opens a possibility of organizing proteins with specific molecular architectural plan1 and studying redox proteins with electrochemical methods2. Recently, we reported electrochemistry of layer-by-layer {PSS/Mb}n films grown on PG electrodes1. In this work, layer-by-layer {PDDA/Hb}n films were fabricated on PG electrodes. Electrochemistry and …     

Effects of Ligands in Novel Non-titanocene on Syndiotactic Polymerization of Styrene

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