Reaction between alkyl isocyanides and isopropylidene Meldrum’s acid in the presence of bidentate nucleophiles

Summary The reaction between alkyl isocyanides and isopropylidene Meldrum’s acid in the presence of 1,2-ethanediol leads to N ¹-(alkyl)-2-(5,7-dioxo-1,4-dioxepane-6-yl)-2-methylpropanamides. 1,3-Propanediol or 1,4-butanediol produce hydroxyalkyl 1-(tert-butyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2,5-dioxo-3-pyrrolidinecarboxylates. When the reaction was performed in the presence of catechol, bis(2-hydroxyphenyl) 2-[2-(tert-butylamino)-1,1-dimethyl-2-oxoethyl]malonate was obtained. 2-Aminophenols react with alkyl isocyanides in the presence of isopropylidene Meldrum’s acid to produce 1-alkyl-N ³-(2-hydroxyaryl)-4,4-dimethyl-2,5-dioxo-3-pyrrolidinecarboxamides in good yields.     

Solid-Phase Microextraction of Phthalate Esters from Aqueous Media by Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes (Graphene Oxide Nanoribbons) and Determination by GC–FID

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes were exposed to hydrothermal treatment for obtaining graphene oxide nanoribbons (GONRs). The fabricated graphene oxide nanoribbons have been morphologically and compositionally characterized via FE-SEM, XRD, and FT-IR techniques. The as-synthesized GONRs have been used as sorbent phase for headspace solid-phase microextraction of phthalate esters (PEs) from aqueous solutions. In this regard, the GC–FID analysis route has been used for quantification of PEs. The new SPME fiber shows remarkable analytical figures of merit including broad dynamic linear ranges, low limits of detection, as well as good stability and reasonable relative standard deviations for evaluation of PEs. The linearity of the method for analysis of PEs including DnBP, DnPP, DEHP, DEHA, BBP, and DMP was between the range of 0.05–100, 0.05–100, 0.1–100, 0.1–100, 0.2–100, and 0.5–100 μg L^?1, respectively. The limits of detection (based on S/N?=?3) and correlation coefficients were found to be in the range of 0.02–0.2 μg L^?1 and 0.9907–0.9952, correspondingly. The prepared GONR-coated SPME fiber shows larger extraction yield in comparison to pristine MWNTs and commercial PDMS SPME fibers. Furthermore, real sample analysis showed that there is no significant matrix effect for evaluation of PEs from environmental water samples and proposed method could be used for evaluation and determination of PEs from aqueous samples in a precise and accurate manner. The existence of functional groups, π–π interactions, as well as hydrogen bonding between adsorbent phase and PE analytes could be the reason for observing such a high extraction yield.

     

An approach to the synthesis and characterization of HMS/Pr-Rh-Zr as efficient catalyst for synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran and 1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives

Research on Chemical Intermediates - The aim of present investigation is the synthesis of mesoporous catalyst based on hexagonal mesoporous silica. HMS support has exceptional properties such as...     

On the Rotational Intergrowth of Hierarchical FAU/EMT Zeolites

A structural study of a hierarchical zeolite X, which is similar to the one first synthesized by Inayat et al., 12 was performed using transmission electron microscopy imaging and diffraction. Evidence is provided, by comparison to simulations, that this material is an intergrowth of FAU and EMT and a conceptual model is presented for the growth of the FAU material with a small fraction of EMT in an atypical morphology of assembled sheets with well‐defined intersection angles.     

Potassium phthalimide： An efficient and green organocatalyst for the synthesis of 4-aryl-7-（arylmethylene）-3,4,6,7-tetrahydro-1H- cyclopenta[d]pyrimidin-2（5H）-ones]thiones under solvent-free conditions

An efficient synthesis of Biginelli-type compounds using potassium phthalimide as a green, mild, and commercially available organocatalyst in a one-pot, multi-component cyclocondensation reaction of cyclopentanone, aldehydes, and urea/thiourea is reported. The present methodology is a green approach to access 4-aryl-7-（aryImethylene）-3,4,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidin-2（5H）-ones/thiones. It offers several merits such as simple operational procedures, no use of hazardous organic solvents, and cheap and environmentally friendly solid basic catalyst.     

Insulin Resistance Associated Genes and miRNAs

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the result of resistance to insulin function along with inadequate insulin secretion, leading to a number of dysfunctions characterized by hyperglycemia, and it is associated with microvascular, macrovascular, and neuropathic complications. There is compelling evidence that the decline in both insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion has a genetic component. In addition, increasing evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) as key regulators of gene expression play significant roles in insulin production, secretion, and function that regulate the function of insulin-target tissues. The current review demonstrates the candidate genes and the related miRNAs involved in molecular pathogenesis of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In doing so, it provides an opportunity for more focused investigations that may identify the genes and miRNAs with a role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its treatment.     

An efficient and novel protocol for the synthesis of spiro[1,3]oxazino[5,6-c]quinoline derivatives by one-pot,three-component reaction

Research on Chemical Intermediates - One-pot, three-component reaction of various aryl glyoxal monohydrates, 5-methylisoxazol-3-amine and 4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one in the presence of a catalytic...     

4-Oxobenzo[d]1,2,3-triazin-pyridinium-phenylacetamide derivatives as new anti-Alzheimer agents: design,synthesis, in vitro evaluation,molecular modeling,and molecular dynamic study

Structural Chemistry - A new series of 4-oxobenzo[d]1,2,3-triazin-pyridinium-phenylacetamide hybrids 8a–p was designed, synthesized, and screened as the potential cholinesterase inhibitors...     

Effervescent tablet‐assisted demulsified dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet for determination of methadone in water and biological samples prior to GC‐flame ionization and GC‐MS

A novel effervescent tablet‐assisted demulsified dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic droplet was developed to determine methadone prior to gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. In this method, a tablet composed of citric acid, sodium carbonate, and 1‐undecanol was utilized. The resulting effervescent tablet generated carbon dioxide in situ to disperse 1‐undecanol in the sample. Thus, the dispersive and extraction processes were performed in one synchronous step. An aliquot of acetonitrile as the demulsifier solvent was used for the separation of two phases instead of centrifugation. Under optimal conditions, the developed method was linear up to 50 000 µg/L with correlation coefficients higher than 0.99. Moreover, limits of detection and limits of the quantification were in the range of 3‐10  and 7‐30 µg/L in water and biological samples, respectively. Intra‐ and interday precisions (n = 6) of the spiked methadone at a concentration level of 50 µg/L were over ranges of 5.1‐6.8% and 5.7‐7.1%, respectively. The preconcentration factors and recovery values were obtained in the range of 140‐145 and 98.1 to 101.6% in real samples, respectively.