蛋白质/多肽的微流控二维芯片电泳*

在微流控芯片上构建多维分离系统,为蛋白质组学研究提供了一个有发展前景的高效分离分析技术平台。本文介绍了二维芯片电泳系统耦联模式选取及正交性评价的方法;综述了针对蛋白质/多肽分离分析的各种耦联模式微流控二维芯片电泳分析系统,如胶束电动力学色谱（MEKC）与毛细管区带电泳（CZE）,开管电色谱（OECE）与CZE,等电聚焦（IEF）与CZE, IEF与SDS毛细管凝胶电泳（CGE）, SDS-CGE与MEKC等。特别对二维电泳芯片切换接口的类型进行了分类,探讨了用于微流控二维芯片电泳系统的检测技术,并展望了微流控二维电泳芯片在蛋白质组学研究中的应用前景和发展方向。     

离子色谱法测定生产废水中的毕克草

建立了用离子色谱测定毕克草含量的方法。选用NJ-SA-4A型阴离子分析柱,以7.2 mmol/L碳酸钠-1.5 mmol/L碳酸氢钠作淋洗液,流速为1.5 mL/min,电导检测器检测。该方法具有良好的线性关系,精密度高,检出限为0.026 mg/L,两个加标水平下的回收率分别为99.88%和99.78%,相对标准偏差分别为0.27%和0.34%。     

减肥食品中违禁药物芬氟拉明、安非拉酮、马吲哚的气相色谱-质谱检测

建立了减肥食品中违禁药物芬氟拉明、安非拉酮和马吲哚的定性和定量分析方法。样品用氯仿提取, HP-5MS毛细管色谱柱分离,扫描方式(scan)定性确证,选择离子方式(SIM)定量。结果表明,减肥食品中芬氟拉明、安非拉酮、马吲哚能在气相色谱-质谱联用仪上同时得到分析,与NIST98谱库比较,匹配度均在90％以上,说明该方法适用于减肥食品中这3种药物的确证分析和定量分析。     

Polymyxin B Combined with Minocycline: A Potentially Effective Combination against blaOXA-23-harboring CRAB in In Vitro PK/PD Model

Polymyxin-based combination therapy is commonly used to treat carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) infections. In the present study, the bactericidal effect of polymyxin B and minocycline combination was tested in three CRAB strains containing bla_OXA-23 by the checkerboard assay and in vitro dynamic pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) model. The combination showed synergistic or partial synergistic effect (fractional inhibitory concentration index ≤0.56) on the tested strains in checkboard assays. The antibacterial activity was enhanced in the combination group compared with either monotherapy in in vitro PK/PD model. The combination regimen (simultaneous infusion of 0.75 mg/kg polymyxin B and 100 mg minocycline via 2 h infusion) reduced bacterial colony counts by 0.9–3.5 log₁₀ colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) compared with either drug alone at 24 h. In conclusion, 0.75 mg/kg polymyxin B combined with 100 mg minocycline via 2 h infusion could be a promising treatment option for CRAB bloodstream infections.     

高温退火工艺对直流反应磁控溅射制备蓝宝石基氮化铝模板的影响

采用直流反应磁控溅射与高温退火工艺大批量制备了膜厚为200 nm、400 nm及800 nm的2英寸蓝宝石基氮化铝模板,并对高温退火前后不同膜厚模板使用各种表征手段进行对比分析.结果 表明:采用磁控溅射制备膜厚为200 nm的模板经高温退火后晶体质量得到显著提升,退火前后整片(0002)面和(10-12)面高分辨率X射线衍射摇摆曲线半高宽分别从632 ～ 658 arcsec和2 580 ～2 734 arcsec下降至70.9 ～ 84.5 arcsec和273.6 ～ 341.6 arcsec;模板5 μm×5μm区域内均方根粗糙度小于1 nm;紫外波段260 ～280 nm吸收系数为14 ～20 cm-1;高温退火前后拉曼图谱E2(high)声子模特征峰半高宽从13.5 cm-1降至5.2 cm-1,峰位从656.6 cm-1移动至657.6 cm-1,表明氮化铝模板内的拉应力经高温退火后得到释放,接近无应力状态.     

Porphyrin-like porous nanomaterials as drug delivery systems for ibuprofen drug

In recent years, nanomaterial-based drug delivery carriers have become some of the most attractive to be studied. The purpose of this study is to investigate the interaction of C60 fullerene, carbon nanotube and graphene having porphyrin-like FeN4 clusters with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (ibuprofen) by means of the density functional theory. Results showed that the graphene with FeN4 clusters could remarkably increase the tendency of graphene for adsorption of ibuprofen drug. Also, our ultraviolet–visible results show that the electronic spectra of the complexes exhibit a blue shift toward lower wavelengths (higher energies). It was found that Ibp/FeN4-graphene had high chemical reactivity, which was important for binding of the drug onto the target site. In order to go further and gain insight into the binding features of considered systems with ibuprofen drug, the Atoms in Molecules analysis was performed. Our results determine the electrostatic features of the Ibp/FeN4-graphene bonding. Consequently, the results demonstrated that the FeN4-graphene could be used as potential carriers for the delivery of ibuprofen drug.     

Dynamics and mechanism of light harvesting in UV photoreceptor UVR8

Photosynthetic pigments form light-harvesting networks to enable nearly perfect quantum efficiency in photosynthesis via excitation energy transfer. However, similar light-harvesting mechanisms have not been reported in light sensing processes in other classes of photoreceptors during light-mediated signaling. Here, based on our earlier report, we mapped out a striking energy-transfer network composed of 26 structural tryptophan residues in the plant UV-B photoreceptor UVR8. The spectra of the tryptophan chromophores are tuned by the protein environments, funneling all excitation energy to a cluster of four tryptophan residues, a pyramid center, where the excitation-induced monomerization is initiated for cell signaling. With extensive site-directed mutagenesis, various time-resolved fluorescence techniques, and combined QM/MM simulations, we determined the energy-transfer rates for all donor–acceptor pairs, revealing the time scales from tens of picoseconds to nanoseconds. The overall light harvesting quantum efficiency by the pyramid center is significantly increased to 73%, compared to a direct excitation probability of 35%. UVR8 is the only photoreceptor discovered so far using a natural amino-acid tryptophan without utilizing extrinsic chromophores to form a network to carry out both light harvesting and light perception for biological functions.

The light-harvesting network from distal and peripheral to central tryptophans with transfer efficiencies determined from measured energy-transfer rates.     

Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Organic Transformation

Photocatalytic organic transformation is an efficient, energysaving and environmentally friendly strategy for organic synthesis. The key to developing a green and economical route for photocatalytic organic synthesis lies in the construction of optimal photocatalysts. Covalent organic frameworks(COFs), a kind of porous crystalline materials with characteristics of high surface area, excellent porosity, and superior thermo-chemical stability, have driven people to explore their potential as photocatalysts in photocatalytic organic transformations by virtue of their structural versatility and designability. Furthermore, the insolubility of COFs makes it possible to recycle the catalysts by simple technical means. In recent years, researchers have made great efforts to develop both the design strategies of COFs as heterogeneous photocatalysts and the reaction types of photocatalytic organic transformations. In this review, we focus on the design of COF-based photocatalytic materials and analyze the influence factors of photocatalytic performance. Moreover, we summarize the application of COFbased photocatalysts in photocatalytic organic conversion. Finally, the perspectives on new opportunities and challenges in the field are discussed.     

Novel unitary optical mode converter

A new unitary optical mode converter for transforming Hermite–Gaussian beams into Laguerre–Gaussian beams is proposed, which is made up of gradient index medium. Being unitary cylinder with only two reflecting surfaces, the mode converter is easily adjusted and has very low reflecting loss.