激波与可运动颗粒群相互作用反射与透射机理实验研究

对水平圆柱形激波管内可压缩性气体与颗粒群的相互作用进行了实验研究与理论分析。利用由压力传感器、信号放大器、示波器和计算机组成的压力测量系统对激波与颗粒群作用时的动态压力进行了测量。发现激波管内发生的是一个复杂的过程,包括激波与颗粒群作用时伴随了激波和膨胀波的反射与透射现象、激波和膨胀波与接触面的干涉、以及激波从激波管端壁的反射等现象。当颗粒装载比α=1时,透射激波被直径为6mm的颗粒群衍射并且有膨胀波紧随其后,因此由透射激波引起的第一个压力峰急剧下降。颗粒装载比和颗粒直径影响透射激波的衍射和衰减。     

纤维染料分析方法的研究进展

纤维染料是使纤维着色的物质,其分析检测对纺织、环保、法庭科学、古文物研究等诸多领域都有重要的意义。然而纤维染料的种类繁多、成分复杂,加之高灵敏度以及原位无损检测的分析需求日益突出,使得纤维染料的分析面临挑战。尽管如此,研究人员一直致力于高效、灵敏、无损的纤维染料分析新方法和新技术的研究,目前已经开发了多种纤维染料的分析方法,这些方法可大致分为3类:光谱法、色谱法及质谱法。该文综述了纤维染料的特点及纤维染料的检测方法及最新研究进展,并对未来纤维染料检测方法的发展进行了展望,为更好地开展纤维染料的分析提供了参考。     

Carbon nanotube/poly(methyl methacrylate) (CNT/PMMA) composite electrode fabricated by in situ polymerization for microchip capillary electrophoresis

We describe the development and application of a novel carbon nanotube/poly(methyl methacrylate) (CNT/PMMA) composite electrode as a sensitive amperometric detector of microchip capillary electrophoresis (CE). The composite electrode was fabricated by the in situ polymerization of a mixture of CNTs and prepolymerized methyl methacrylate in the microchannel of a piece of fused silica capillary under heat. The performance of this unique system was demonstrated by the separation and detection of phenolic pollutants and purines. The new CNT-based CE detector offered significantly lower operating potentials, yielded substantially enhanced signal-to-noise characteristics, and exhibited resistance to surface fouling and, hence, enhanced stability. Long-term stability and reproducibility with relative standard deviations of less than 5 % for the peak current (n=20) were also demonstrated. The simplicity and significant performance exhibited by the CNT/PMMA composite electrode indicate great promise for conventional CE, flowing-injection analysis, and other microfluidic analysis systems.     

表面有机金属化学(Ⅱ)

简要总结和评述了硅胶表面负载的一些过渡金属氢化物的烷烃碳-碳键和碳-氢键活化、金属铑和铂表面负载的有机锡物种的选择加氢和脱氢及有机金属化合物的沸石分子筛内外表面改性方面的研究进展,指出了今后拟重点研究的一些问题。     

初中化学教师教学能力赛及其思考

本文报道了初中化学教师教学能力赛的做法及作用,并从中得到有益的启迪。     

Transition-Linker Containing Detergents for Membrane Protein Studies

It is a pressing need, but still challenging to explore the structure and function of membrane proteins (MPs). One of the main obstacles is the limited availability of matched detergents for the handling of specific MPs. We describe herein the design of new detergents by incorporation of a transition linker between the hydrophilic head and the hydrophobic tail. This design allows a gradual change of hydrophobicity between the outside and inside of micelles, in contrast to the abrupt switch in conventional detergents. Notably, many of these detergents assembled into micelles in while retaining low critical micelle concentrations. Meanwhile, thermal stabilizing evaluation identified superior detergents for representative MPs, including G protein-coupled receptors and a transporter protein. Among them, further improved the NMR study of MPs. We anticipate these that results will encourage future detergent expansion through new remodeling on the traditional detergent scaffold.     

Detection of Microcystin-LR in the Cells and Natural Lake Water Samples by A Unique Fluorescence-Based Method

Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is widely distributed in natural lakes and could strongly inhibit protein phosphatase activity; it is also a potent liver tumor promoter. Over the last two decades, tremendous efforts have been devoted to enhance the detection of MC-LR in water samples. However, the traditional method is complex and costly, and achieving the fast, sensitive, and accurate determination of MC-LR in the cells and natural lakes by using fluorescence signal changes is fairly difficult. Our work explores novel fluorescent probes that are capable of concurrently analyzing and detecting MC-LR in the cells and water. In this study, we introduce, for the first time, 5-AF and 6-AF as small-molecule fluorescent probes suitable for MC-LR detection in the cells and water samples based on fluorescence signal changes. We titrated 5-AF and 6-AF with MC-LR in pure water, scanned the fluorescence of the sample, and then obtained the equation the fluorescence intensity versus MC-LR concentration curve. MC-LR in lake water samples was crudely purified, and then 5-AF was added to measure its fluorescence peak. The fluorescence intensity of 5-AF is significantly enhanced with increasing MC-LR concentration. This enhancement trend is stable and could be mathematically modeled. We also comprehensively analyzed the mechanism and recognition principle of the probe response to MC-LR in natural lake water. Moreover, we believe that 5-AF may be capable of detecting exogenous MC-LR in cells. The results of this study reveal that these unique fluorescent probes may be applied to construct near-infrared fluorescent probes that could detect MC-LR levels in vivo.

Graphical Abstract

     

Preparation of magnetically supported chromium and sulfur co-doped TiO2 and use for photocatalysis under visible light

Novel magnetic chromium and sulfur co-doped TiO₂ photocatalysts (M-Cr/S/TiO₂) have been prepared by a sol?Cgel process, using magnetic hollow fly ash microspheres as support material. The crystal phase of M-Cr/S/TiO₂ was characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV?Cvisible absorption spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the photocatalysts was examined by photodegradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. The results showed that chromium and sulfur co-doped catalysts (Cr/S/TiO₂) containing 0.60?% (atomic ratio) chromium and 1.2?% (atomic ratio) sulfur calcined at 450?°C for 2?h had high catalytic efficiency under visible irradiation. It is worth mentioning that the floating M-Cr/S/TiO₂ catalyst had greater photocatalytic activity than Cr/S/TiO₂ powder. Therefore, M-Cr/S/TiO₂ is a promising, high-performing, visible-light-driven photocatalyst.     

Aptamer-incorporated hydrogels for visual detection,controlled drug release,and targeted cancer therapy

Hydrogels are water-retainable materials, made from cross-linked polymers, that can be tailored to applications in bioanalysis and biomedicine. As technology advances, an increasing number of molecules have been used as the components of hydrogel systems. However, the shortcomings of these systems have prompted researchers to find new materials that can be incorporated into them. Among all of these emerging materials, aptamers have recently attracted substantial attention because of their unique properties, for example biocompatibility, selective binding, and molecular recognition, all of which make them promising candidates for target-responsive hydrogel engineering. In this work, we will review how aptamers have been incorporated into hydrogel systems to enable colorimetric detection, controlled drug release, and targeted cancer therapy.