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81.
Adamová D Agakichiev G Appelshäuser H Belaga V Braun-Munzinger P Castillo A Cherlin A Damjanović S Dietel T Dietrich L Drees A Esumi SI Filimonov K Fomenko K Fraenkel Z Garabatos C Glässel P Hering G Holeczek J Kushpil V Lenkeit B Ludolphs W Maas A Marín A Milosević J Milov A Miśkowiec D Panebrattsev Y Petchenova O Petrácek V Pfeiffer A Rak J Ravinovich I Rehak P Sako H Schmitz W Schukraft J Sedykh S Shimansky S Slívová J Specht HJ Stachel J Sumbera M Tilsner H Tserruya I Wessels JP Wienold T 《Physical review letters》2003,90(2):022301
Based on an evaluation of data on pion interferometry and on particle yields at midrapidity, we propose a universal condition for thermal freeze-out of pions in heavy-ion collisions. We show that freeze-out occurs when the mean free path of pions lambda(f) reaches a value of about 1 fm, which is much smaller than the spatial extent of the system at freeze-out. This critical mean free path is independent of the centrality of the collision and beam energy from the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron to the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. 相似文献
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E. Morenzoni E. M. Forgan H. Glückler T. J. Jackson H. Luetkens Ch. Niedermayer T. Prokscha T.M. Riseman M. Birke A. Hofer J. Litterst M. Pleines G. Schatz 《Hyperfine Interactions》2001,133(1-4):179-195
The recent development at the Paul Scherrer Institute of a beam of low energy muons allows depth dependent muon spin rotation and relaxation investigations in thin samples, multilayers and near surface regions (low energy SR, LE-SR). After a brief overview of the LE-SR method, some representative experiments performed with this technique will be presented. The first direct determination of the field profile just below the surface of a high-temperature superconductor in the Meissner phase illustrates the power and sensitivity of low energy muons as near-surface probe and is an example of general application to depth profiling of magnetic fields. The evolution of the flux line lattice distribution across the surface of a YBa2Cu3O7 film in the vortex phase has been investigated by implanting muons on both sides of a normal-superconducting boundary. A determination of the relaxation time and energy barrier to thermal activation in iron nanoclusters, embedded in a silver thin film matrix (500nm), demonstrates the use of slow muons to measure the properties of samples that cannot be made thick enough for the use of conventional SR. Other experiments investigated the magnetic properties of thin Cr(001) layers at thicknesses above and below the collapse of the spin density wave. 相似文献
83.
Xu W Dutta D Xiong F Anderson B Auberbach L Averett T Bertozzi W Black T Calarco J Cardman L Cates GD Chai ZW Chen JP Choi S Chudakov E Churchwell S Corrado GS Crawford C Dale D Deur A Djawotho P Filippone BW Finn JM Gao H Gilman R Glamazdin AV Glashausser C Glöckle W Golak J Gomez J Gorbenko VG Hansen JO Hersman FW Higinbotham DW Holmes R Howell CR Hughes E Humensky B Incerti S de Jager CW Jensen JS Jiang X Jones CE Jones M Kahl R Kamada H Kievsky A Kominis I Korsch W Kramer K Kumbartzki G 《Physical review letters》2000,85(14):2900-2904
We have measured the transverse asymmetry A(T') in 3He(e,e(')) quasielastic scattering in Hall A at Jefferson Laboratory with high precision for Q2 values from 0.1 to 0.6 (GeV/c)(2). The neutron magnetic form factor G(n)(M) was extracted based on Faddeev calculations for Q2 = 0.1 and 0.2 (GeV/c)(2) with an experimental uncertainty of less than 2%. 相似文献
84.
Helge Glöckner 《Semigroup Forum》2000,60(2):326-333
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Summary The separation of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) is presented in open tubular stainless steel columns and columns packed with
non-porous glass beads. Furthermore separation on a short silica packed column proved to be better than on a similar longer
column. A definition of the term high performance precipitation liquid chromatography is suggested for gradient elution with
sample injection into a starting eluent which is a nonsolvent for the copolymer under investigation. The choice of a suitable
solvent-nonsolvent combination is of essential importance. 相似文献
89.
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
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