Emulsion stability and potassium leakage in emulsion liquid membrane systems

Potassium leakage was studied in liquid membrane systems containing various emulsifiers and compared with emulsion, stability in the storage test. The effects of various parameters upon emulsion stability and the leakage of standard traces are discussed. The transfer of cations can be caused by emulsion breaking, by transport with the specific carrier and/or with surfactants used as emulsifiers. The latter case becomes especially important when hydrophilic surfactants, e.g. ones containing polyoxyethylene chains, are present in liquid membranes. In systems containing hydrophobic emulsifiers the transfer of potassium is relatively low. In each case considered the effect of emulsifiers upon the transfer of the standard tracer should be checked prior to using the leakage test to characterize emulsion stability.     

Synthesen von Heterocyclen, 122. Mitt.: Über die Reaktion des Perimidons mit aktiven Malonestern

Zusammenfassung Perimidon (1) reagiert mit monosubstit. Malonsäure-trichlorphenylestern (2) bei 250° zu 9-Hydroxy-5,7-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-cd]perimidinen (3), die durch saure Hydrolyse zu 10-Amino-4-hydroxy-benzo[h]carbostyrilen (4) gespalten werden.

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Syntheses of heterocycles, CXXII: Reaction of perimidone with reactive malonates

Perimidone (1) reacts with monosubstituted 2.4.6-trichlorophenyl malonates at 250° to 9-hydroxy-5.7-dioxo-4.5-dihydro-7H-pyrido[1.2.3-cd]perimidines (3), which are cleaved by acid yielding 10-amino-4-hydroxy-benzo[h]quinolin-2-ones (4).

     

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF PHTHALOCYANINES-X. SYNTHESES AND ANALYSES OF SULFONATED PHTHALOCYANINES

Abstract— Synthetic methods to obtain selectively sulfonated metallo phthalocyanines are compared. Both condensation and direct sulfonation procedures lead to mixtures of mono- to tetrasulfonated products which are resolved by reverse phase liquid chromatography in buffered aqueous-methanol. The proportion of sulfonated derivatives is examined as a function of the starting reagents in the case of the condensation method, and as a function of the temperature and reaction time in the case of the direct sulfonation procedure. The number of sulfonate groups per phthalocyanine molecule is determined by oxidative degradation of the phthalocyanine ring followed by quantitative chromatographic analysis of the sulfophthalamide and phthalamide fragments.     

Iodination of alcohols using triphenylphosphine/iodine under solvent-free conditions using microwave irradiation

A straightforward and effective procedure for the conversion of benzylic, allylic and aliphatic alcohols to the corresponding iodides using Ph₃P/I₂ under solvent-free conditions using microwave irradiation is reported.     

芳亚甲基丙二腈、芳亚甲基氰乙酰胺的固相合成

芳醛和丙二腈、氰乙酰胺在NH4Ac催化下经固相反应高产率的得到芳亚甲基丙 二腈和芳亚甲基氰乙酰胺。     

氮硫杂冠醚及其衍生物的合成

以噻吩、水杨醛、二胺、溴乙酸、烯丙基氯和丙烯腈为原料合成了 4,5 :14 ,15 二苯 3 ,16 二氧 2 1 硫 7,12 二氮双环[16.2 .1]二十一环 1( 2 0 ) ,18 二烯 (简称氮硫杂冠醚 )及其 5种衍生物 ,经元素分析 ,IR ,1 HNMR和MS谱表征了这些化合物的结构 .     

Determination of the thiol redox state of organisms: new oxidative stress indicators

This study describes a new methodology by which the concentrations of non-protein (NP) thiols glutathione (GSH), cysteine (CSH), N-acetylcysteine (AcCSH), and protein (P) thiols (PSH), as well as the contribution of these components to symmetric and mixed disulfides (NPSSR, NPSSC, NPSSCAc, PSSR, PSSC, PSSCAc, PSSP) can reliably be measured. The methodology consists of a strict sequence of methods which are applied to every sample. Free thiols at any given state of the procedure are measured by Ellmans assay, the CSH fraction is measured by its unique response in the ninhydrin assay, AcCSH is selectively measured with ninhydrin after enzymatic deacylation, proteins are separated from non-protein thiols/disulfides by precipitation with trichloroacetic or perchloric acid, disulfides are reduced into free thiols with borohydride, mixed disulfides between a protein and a non-protein component are measured by extracting the non-protein thiol from the protein pellet after borohydride treatment, and protein thiols/disulfides are measured after resolubilization of the protein pellet.When this method was applied to animal and fungal tissue, new molecular indicators of the thiol redox state of living cells were identified. The findings of the present study clearly show that the new parameters are very sensitive indicators of redox state, while at the same time the traditional parameters GSH and GSSG often remain constant even upon dramatic changes in the overall redox state of biological tissue. Therefore, unbiased assessment of the redox state also requires explicit measurement of its most sensitive thiol indicators.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at . A link in the frame on the left on that page takes you directly to the supplementary material.     

哌嗪取代卟啉的合成、表征及其抗癌活性

设计并合成了6个具有抗癌活性的哌嗪取代卟啉化合物,分别为5,10,15,20-四[4-(4'-乙基哌嗪基)苯基]卟啉(TEPPH2,8a),5,10,15,20-四[4-(4'-丁基哌嗪基)苯基]卟啉(TBPPH2,8b),5,10,15,20-四[4-(4'-庚基哌嗪基)苯基]卟啉(THPPH2,8c),5,10,15,20-四[4-(4'-苯基哌嗪基)苯基]卟啉(TPhPPH2,8d),5-[4-(4'-乙基哌嗪基)苯基]-10,15,20-三苯基卟啉(EPTPPH2,8e)和5-[4-(4'-丁基哌嗪基)苯基]-10,15,20-三苯基卟啉(BPTPPH2,8f).这些卟啉化合物都由取代苯甲醛与吡咯缩合而成,每一个卟啉分子中含有一个或四个具有抗癌活性的取代哌嗪结构,结构经元素分析,MS,1H NMR,IR和UV-vis等表征.初步的生物活性研究表明,这些化合物具有一定的抗癌活性,因而在医学上可能具有潜在应用前景.     

Two New and a Known Compound from Lawsonia inermis

A new obtusafuran derivative, lawsonicin ( 1 ), and a new naphthaquinone, lawsonadeem ( 2 ), along with a known constituent, vomifoliol ( 3 ), were isolated from the aerial parts of Lawsonia alba and characterized by chemical transformation and spectroscopic experiments, including 2D‐NMR techniques.