钒酸银/氧化石墨烯复合物的制备和可见光催化性能

通过改进Hummers法制备了氧化石墨烯(GO),采用液相沉淀法合成了Ag₃VO₄/GO复合物,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射光谱等技术手段对样品进行了测试表征;并在可见光辐射下(λ≥420 nm)考察了复合物催化剂中GO含量对Ag₃VO₄光催化降解甲基橙溶液(MO)的性能影响。 结果表明,掺杂质量分数2%的GO复合物光催化活性提高最显著,30 min内对MO的降解率可达到89%以上,是纯Ag₃VO₄光催化活性的3倍。     

PELE贯穿薄靶后外壳破片径向速度计算方法与影响因素分析

基于横向效应增强型弹丸(PELE)侵彻金属薄靶板过程分析,将弹体前端在撞击作用下的变形过程分解为轴向一维压缩和径向自由膨胀两个变形阶段;依据冲击波理论,给出了弹体前端的冲击波压缩势能,由功能转化原理,给出了PELE前端外壳在靶后形成破片的最大径向飞散速度计算公式。计算结果在多种工况下均与文献的实验结果较为一致。计算结果表明:PELE靶后外壳破片的最大径向飞散速度与外壳和内芯材料的体积模量和泊松比有关,且随二者的增大而增大;PELE外壳破片的最大径向飞散速度是壳体和内芯在冲击波压缩作用下共同径向膨胀的结果,且外壳膨胀能在弹体整体膨胀能中所占比例较大,计算中应当同时考虑弹体外壳和内芯材料的横向膨胀效应对弹体破片径向飞散速度的影响。     

基于硅材料的分子印迹聚合物的制备及应用*

分子印迹聚合物因制备简单、稳定性好、且具有分子识别功能使其在色谱分离、固相萃取、化学传感、模拟酶催化等方面有了广泛的应用。近年来,基于硅的分子印迹聚合物发展较为快速。本文主要介绍了以硅为母体材料和以硅为基质材料的分子印迹聚合物的制备及分子识别性质研究,并对其应用进行了分类,在此基础上对其将来的发展进行了展望。     

Practical framework for data-driven RANS modeling with data augmentation

Acta Mechanica Sinica - Inspired by the iterative procedure of computing mean fields with known Reynolds stresses (Guo et al., Theor Appl Mech Lett, 2021), we proposed a way to achieve data...     

Laser-induced fluorescence of trapped gas-phase molecular ions generated by internal source matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer

The combination of laser-induced fluorescence with mass spectrometry opens up new possibilities both for detection purposes and for structural studies of trapped biomolecular ions in the gas phase. However, this approach is experimentally very challenging, and only a handful of studies have been reported so far. In this contribution, a novel scheme for laser-induced fluorescence measurements of ions trapped inside a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer will be introduced. It is based on an open FT-ICR cell design, continuous wave axial excitation of the fluorescence, orthogonal photon collection by fiber optics, and single photon counting detection. Rhodamine 6G ions generated by an internal matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization source were used to develop and test the set-up. Due to photobleaching processes, the excitation laser power and the observation time window have to be carefully optimized. An ion tomography method was used to align the excitation laser. Potential applications for studying the gas-phase structure of fluorescent biomolecular ions and for investigating fluorescence resonance energy transfer of donor-acceptor pairs will be presented.     

流动注射－化学发光分析测定矿石中痕量铌

利用铌对鲁米诺－Ｈ_２Ｏ_２－Ｋ_３Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）_６化学发光体系的抑制作用，建立了痕量Ｎｂ（Ｖ）的流动注射－化学发光测定法。方法的检出限是２．３ｎｇ／ｍＬＮｂ（Ｖ）。线性范围为０．０１～１μｇ／ｍＬＮｂ（Ｖ），测定的相对标准偏差为３．０％（０．０１μｇ／ｍＬＮｂ（Ｖ）（ｎ＝１１），方法已应用于矿石中Ｎｂ的测定。     

Preparation of hollow carbon nanospheres at low temperature via new reaction route

Hollow carbon nanospheres were obtained at 200 °C via a new reaction route, by using magnesium, hexachloroethane and aluminum trichloride as starting materials and benzene as solvent. The products were characterized with X-ray diffraction pattern, transmission electron microscope, high-resolution transmission electron microscope images and Raman spectrum. The reaction conditions are easy to be maintained and controlled. They may provide a new method to produce other carbonaceous materials. A possible mechanism of reaction was proposed.     

Properties and morphology of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate)/bisphenol a polycarbonate/poly(styrene‐b‐(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐b‐styrene) blends by low‐temperature solid‐state extrusion

Among the various methods available for recycling plastics waste, blending technology is a straightforward and relatively simple method for recycling. In this paper, a new blending technology, low‐temperature solid‐state extrusion, was discussed. Several recycled poly(terephthalate ethylene)/bisphenol a polycarbonate/poly(styrene‐b‐(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐b‐styrene) blends (R‐PET/PC/SEBS blends) have been prepared by this technology. The results show that thermal and hydrolytic degradation of R‐PET is improved when extruding temperature was between the glass transition temperature (T_g) and cold crystallization temperature (T_cc). Elongation at break and notched impact strength were increased evidently, from 15.9% to 103.6, and from 8.6 kJ/m² to 20.4 kJ/m², respectively. The appropriate rotating speed of screws was between 100 and 150 rpm. At the same time, the appropriate rotating speed of the screws brings a suitable shear viscosity ratio of R‐PET and PC, which is of advantage to blending of R‐PET and PC together with SEBS. Dispersion of minor phase, PC and SEBS, became finer and smaller, to about 1 µm. Chain extender, Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) can react with the end‐carboxyl group and end‐hydroxyl group of R‐PET. FT‐IR spectra testified that the reactions have been happened in the extruding process. A chain extending reaction not only increased the molecular weight of PET and PC, but also can synthesize PET‐g‐PC copolymer to act as a reactive compatilizer. An SEM micrograph shows that a micro‐fiber structure of PET was formed in the blend sample. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Correlation of supercritical-fluid extraction recoveries with supercritical-fluid chromatographic retention data: A fundamental study

The possibility of using supercritical-fluid chromatographic retention data for examining the effects of operational parameters, such as pressure and flow rate, on the extraction characteristics in supercritical-fluid extraction (SFE) was investigated. A model was derived for calculating the extraction efficiency in SFE from retention data and peak shapes measured in supercritical-fluid chromatography (SFC). By performing the SFC experiments at the same pressure and temperature as the SFE extractions using the SFE extraction cell as the SFC column, an accurate prediction of extraction efficiencies could be made. Finally, the effects of matrix composition and analyte concentration on extraction efficiency were studied.