数量级在物理实验中的应用

介绍了数量级在物理实验设计、实验失败原因分析、误差分析及实验结果判断方面的应用．     

超短强激光脉冲在等离子体隧道中传输的理论与数值模拟研究

研究了超短强激光脉冲在非扰动抛物型部分电离的预等离子体隧道中的传输特性.从Maxwell方程出发得到了两个包含衍射、三阶强度非线性、等离子体散焦、等离子体隧道聚焦以及相对论自聚焦等效应在内的激光场演化方程，即折射率方程和哈密顿-雅可比方程.在此基础 上得到了激光在等离子体隧道中传输的包络方程以及光斑半径与传输距离、隧道宽度等初始 参量的关系. 关键词： 等离子体隧道聚焦 相对论自聚焦 势阱     

具有周期非均匀扰动的色散管理系统中的孤子传输

在准理想的色散管理系统中建立了非均匀扰动模型,研究了它们对孤子传输和相互作用的影响.这些扰动导致孤子崩塌,加剧了孤子间相互作用.它们影响的大小与周期长度和扰动强度有关,并且存在最坏周期长度和扰动共振现像.最后,引入非线性增益和滤波器来有效控制这些扰动的影响.     

Effects of the H-bond donor structure on the properties of supramolecular side chain liquid crystalline polymers based on poly(3-carboxypropylmethylsiloxane-co-dimethylsiloxane)s and stilbazoles

Supramolecular side chain liquid crystalline polymers (SCLCPs) based on poly(3-carboxypropylmethylsiloxane-co-dimethylsiloxane) (PSIX, X=100, 76, 60, 41 or 23, denoting the mole percentage of 3-carboxypropylmethylsiloxane unit in the polymer) and stilbazole derivatives have been obtained through intermolecular hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) interactions between the carboxylic acid and the pyridyl moieties. The formation of H-bonding and self-assembly results in the formation of new mesogenic units, in which H-bonds function as molecular connectors. FTIR shows the existence of H-bonding in the complexes. The polymeric complexes behave as single component liquid crystalline polymers and exhibit stable and enantiotropic mesophases. The liquid crystalline properties of the supramolecular SCLCPs were studied using differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction, and were found to exhibit smectic A phases with focal-conic textures. The thermal stability of the SCLCP increases on increasing the carboxylic acid content in the polysiloxane and the concentration of the stilbazole derivative in the complex. However, the thermal stability decreases on increasing the chain length of the stilbazole derivative. The crystal phase was not formed even on cooling to the glass transition temperature of the polymeric complex.     

用地面阵列寻找TeV能区γ点源的方法探讨

文中探讨搜寻TeV能区γ点源的方法.讨论利用student变量t判断来自源区及背景区宇宙线事例的统计差别,并由Bayes定理与MonteCarlo模拟相结合计算源区各能段的信号数,推算蟹状星云在TeV能区的γ射线微分能谱     

A theory of coupled diffusion and large deformation in polymeric gels

A large quantity of small molecules may migrate into a network of long polymers, causing the network to swell, forming an aggregate known as a polymeric gel. This paper formulates a theory of the coupled mass transport and large deformation. The free energy of the gel results from two molecular processes: stretching the network and mixing the network with the small molecules. Both the small molecules and the long polymers are taken to be incompressible, a constraint that we enforce by using a Lagrange multiplier, which coincides with the osmosis pressure or the swelling stress. The gel can undergo large deformation of two modes. The first mode results from the fast process of local rearrangement of molecules, allowing the gel to change shape but not volume. The second mode results from the slow process of long-range migration of the small molecules, allowing the gel to change both shape and volume. We assume that the local rearrangement is instantaneous, and model the long-range migration by assuming that the small molecules diffuse inside the gel. The theory is illustrated with a layer of a gel constrained in its plane and subject to a weight in the normal direction. We also predict the scaling behavior of a gel under a conical indenter.     

Structural and dynamic properties of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate micelle in water dispersion studied by pulsed field gradient NMR

The diffusion phenomenon of a nonionic surfactant, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (POE-SMO), micelle in aqueous solution was investigated by pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG NMR) with a high gradient strength of 17.4 T/m at the diffusion timet _d varied from 3 to 300 ms. This high gradient strength allowed us to measure the slow self-diffusion coefficient of POE-SMO micelle, and the short diffusion time below 10 ms showed the restricted diffusion of the micelle. At the shortt _d the self-diffusion of the micelle was restricted and the restricted sizes were 1.8, 1.5, and 0.8 μm for the POE-SMO concentration of 100, 200 and 300 mM, respectively, and 0.6 μm for the POE-SMO only. The possible reason of this restriction was assumed to be the formation of a spatial network or a micellar clustering. Furthermore, a proton exchange between water molecule and surfactant OH group on the micelle surface was proposed. With respect to this proposal, the residence time of the proton at the micelle surface and the thickness of the surface were investigated from proton self-diffusion coefficients by PFG NMR.     

An approach based on simplified KLT and wavelet transform for enhancing speech degraded by non-stationary wideband noise

It is well known that the non-stationary wideband noise is the most difficult to be removed in speech enhancement. In this paper a novel speech enhancement algorithm based on the dyadic wavelet transform and the simplified Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT) is proposed to suppress the non-stationary wideband noise. The noisy speech is decomposed into components by the wavelet space and KLT-based vector space, and the components are processed and reconstructed, respectively, by distinguishing between voiced speech and unvoiced speech. There are no requirements of noise whitening and SNR pre-calculating. In order to evaluate the performance of this algorithm in more detail, a three-dimensional spectral distortion measure is introduced. Experiments and comparison between different speech enhancement systems by means of the distortion measure show that the proposed method has no drawbacks existing in the previous methods and performs better shaping and suppressing of the non-stationary wideband noise for speech enhancement.     

An algorithm for three-way data analysis that alternatively minimizes coupled vector (COV) resolution error and PARAFAC error.

A novel algorithm, alternatively minimizing coupled vector (COV) resolution error and PARAFAC error algorithm, is proposed in this paper. This algorithm can overcome the problem of slow convergence and is insensitive to the estimation of component number, such problems are unavoidable while using the traditional parallel factors analysis (PARAFAC) algorithm. In other words, this algorithm is capable of improving the computing speed and providing accurate resolutions provided that the number of factors used in the computation is no less than that of the actual underlying ones. The characteristic performances were demonstrated with a novel fluorescence data array.