全文获取类型
收费全文 | 34019篇 |
免费 | 1770篇 |
国内免费 | 407篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 23644篇 |
晶体学 | 252篇 |
力学 | 732篇 |
综合类 | 45篇 |
数学 | 4741篇 |
物理学 | 6782篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 325篇 |
2022年 | 250篇 |
2021年 | 461篇 |
2020年 | 648篇 |
2019年 | 613篇 |
2018年 | 818篇 |
2017年 | 736篇 |
2016年 | 1374篇 |
2015年 | 1128篇 |
2014年 | 1209篇 |
2013年 | 2265篇 |
2012年 | 2531篇 |
2011年 | 2650篇 |
2010年 | 1568篇 |
2009年 | 1293篇 |
2008年 | 2227篇 |
2007年 | 2137篇 |
2006年 | 1890篇 |
2005年 | 1683篇 |
2004年 | 1364篇 |
2003年 | 1064篇 |
2002年 | 985篇 |
2001年 | 768篇 |
2000年 | 621篇 |
1999年 | 470篇 |
1998年 | 351篇 |
1997年 | 249篇 |
1996年 | 365篇 |
1995年 | 264篇 |
1994年 | 259篇 |
1993年 | 295篇 |
1992年 | 265篇 |
1991年 | 191篇 |
1990年 | 167篇 |
1989年 | 135篇 |
1988年 | 133篇 |
1987年 | 128篇 |
1986年 | 123篇 |
1985年 | 191篇 |
1984年 | 145篇 |
1983年 | 125篇 |
1982年 | 110篇 |
1981年 | 107篇 |
1980年 | 82篇 |
1979年 | 97篇 |
1978年 | 85篇 |
1977年 | 78篇 |
1976年 | 78篇 |
1975年 | 73篇 |
1973年 | 83篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 218 毫秒
991.
Torres-Lapasió JR García-Alvarez-Coque MC Bosch E Rosés M 《Journal of chromatography. A》2005,1089(1-2):170-186
The problems associated to the modelling and optimisation of the chromatographic resolution of mixtures involving ionisable solutes at varying pH and acetonitrile content are discussed. Several retention models that separate the contributions of solute, column and stationary phase, were used. The retention was predicted with low errors in large pH domains (2-12), which was an essential requirement to face the optimisation of resolution. The selected mixture was particularly problematic under the viewpoint of resolution, owing to the excessively diverse acid-base behaviour of solutes. This variety led to sudden drops in retention at different pH for each solute, yielding numerous peak crossing, which made finding shared regions of high resolution especially difficult. Conventional resolution diagrams for these situations are scarcely informative, since both the overall and the worst elementary resolutions drop to zero if at least two compounds remain overlapped, even when all the others are baseline resolved. A new chromatographic objective function is proposed to address this drawback. This function, called "limiting peak count", is based on the limiting peak purity concept, and measures the success in the resolution focusing on the resolved solutes, in contrast to conventional resolution assessments that attend mainly to the least resolved solutes. Limiting peak count yields the same result as conventional assessments when full resolution is possible, but it is also able to discriminate the maximal resolving power in low-resolution situations. It offers a different perspective to that given by the complementary mobile phases approach, and the computation is far simpler. 相似文献
992.
Pártay L Jedlovszky P Vincze A Horvai G 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2005,109(43):20493-20503
Monte Carlo simulation of the vapor-liquid interface of water-methanol mixtures of different compositions, ranging from pure water to pure methanol, have been performed on the canonical (N, V, T) ensemble at 298 K. The analysis of the systems simulated has revealed that the interface is characterized by a double layer structure: methanol is strongly adsorbed at the vapor side of the interface, whereas this adsorption layer is followed at its liquid side by a depletion layer of methanol of lower concentration than in the bulk liquid phase of the system. The dominant feature of the interface has been found to be the adsorption layer in systems of methanol mole fractions below 0.2, and the depletion layer in systems of methanol mole fractions between 0.25 and 0.5. The orientation of the molecules located at the depletion layer is found to be already uncorrelated with the interface, whereas the methanol molecules of the adsorption layer prefer to align perpendicular to the interface, pointing straight toward the vapor phase by their methyl group. Although both the preference of the molecular plane for a perpendicular alignment with the interface and the preference of the methyl group for pointing straight to the vapor phase are found to be rather weak, the preference of the methyl group for pointing as straight toward the vapor phase as possible within the constraint imposed by the orientation of the molecular plane is found to be fairly strong. One of the two preferred orientations of the interfacial water molecules present in the neat system is found to disappear in the presence of methanol, because methanol molecules aligned in their preferred orientation can replace these water molecules in the hydrogen-bonding pattern of the interface. 相似文献
993.
The preparation of ethyl 4-(2-bromoethyl)thieno[2,3-b]pyrrole-5-carboxylate and ethyl 6-(2-bromoethyl)thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-5-carboxylate by reaction of t-butyl 2-(2-thienyl)carbazate and t-butyl 2-(3-thienyl)carbazate with ethyl-5-bromo-2-oxopentanoate are described. 相似文献
994.
This paper describes the experimental studies carried out to determine (238)Pu, (239/40)Pu, (241)Pu, (241)Am, (242)Cm and (244)Cm in samples from nuclear power plants (mainly spent ion exchange resins and evaporator concentrates) using an organophosphorus compound immobilized on an inert support. These materials are commercially available under the name TRU Resin (for Transuranium Specific) from Eichrom Industries, Darien, IL. An attempt is made to develop a rapid, accurate method of analysis, with minimum waste generation. Standard solutions of Pu and Am and one sample of spent ion exchange resin that contains fission, activation products, Pu, Am and Cm were analyzed to study the separation factors and interferences in the measurement of Pu, Am and Cm isotopes. 相似文献
995.
用 p H法在 (2 5.0± 0 .1 )℃ ,I=0 .1 mol· dm-3 KNO3 条件下 ,测定 Cu( ) - 4 - (喹啉 - 8′-甲基 ) - 1 ,4,7,1 0 -四氮杂环十三烷 - 1 1 ,1 3-二酮 -α-氨基酸或 5-取代邻菲罗啉两类三元配合物的稳定常数 ;研究了带甲基喹啉侧基大环多胺配体与 Cu( )离子的配位能力、配位方式 ;发现这两类三元体系配合物有特殊的稳定性 ;而且它们的稳定性与配体α-氨基酸及 5-取代邻菲罗啉酸碱强度之间的直线自由能关系的变化趋势相反 ;探讨了 Cu( )和 5-取代邻菲罗啉之间的 d- p反馈π键及其取代基 Hammett诱导效应的关系。 相似文献
996.
Chromatographic retention data and thermodynamic properties of six pine terpenes (α-pinene, β-pinene, camphene, limonene, α-phellandrene and p-cymene) on six different liquid phases, with a wide range of polarity, are reported at temperatures from 80 to 120 °C. The retention behaviour and selectivity of liquid phases for the separation of binary solute systems are discussed in terms of activity coefficients and specific interactions. Solubility parameters for the liquid phases are reported using the regular solution theory and the Takamiya equation and a good correlation between polarity and solubility parameters is observed. 相似文献
997.
Villar-Rodil S. Paredes J. I. Martínez-Alonso A. Tascón J.M.D. 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2002,70(1):37-43
The pyrolysis behaviour of Nomex, poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) fibres under argon has been investigated up to a temperature of 1173 K with different methods to
get direct information on the progressive changes taking place in the solid material and its carbon fibre residues. The main
stages of the pyrolytic degradation of the fibres were determined by thermal analysis (TG and DTA) and their chemical and
morphological evolution through the different steps was subsequently followed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements, respectively, on samples treated to various temperatures.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
998.
3-苯氧甲基-6-(2,4-二氟苯基)-7H-1,2,4-三唑并[3,4-b][1,3,4]噻二嗪的合成与晶体结构研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
由苯氧乙酸出发,经多步反应,制得3-苯氧甲基-4-氨基-5-巯基-1,2, 4-三唑,它与2-氯-2',4'-二氟苯乙酮进行环化反应,生成3-苯氧甲基-6-( 2,4-二氟苯基)-7H-1,2,4-三唑并[3,4-b][1,3,4]噻二嗪,通过元素分析、红外 光谱、核磁共振氢谱与碳谱、质谱进行表征,并利用单晶X射线衍射法测定其结构 。晶体属单斜晶系、P2_(1/c)空间群,a = 1.339(3) nm, b = 1.4683(4) nm, c = 0.8606(2) nm, β = 108.49(2)°, Z = 4, F(000) = 736, R_1 = 0.0509。还 对均三唑并噻二唑两类稠杂环的晶体结构作了比较。 相似文献
999.
Summary A comparison of three binary mobile phases in LC separation of C60 and C70 fullerences on chemically bonded 2,4-dinitroanilinopropyl (DNAP) stationary phase was carried out, n-Hexane-benzene has been found to be the best mobile phase for efficient separation of the all-carbon molecules permitting high loads in preparative LC. 相似文献
1000.
M. N. Moreno-Carretero J. M. Salas-Peregrín 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》1984,29(5):1053-1059
The following cadmium(II) complexes of deprotonated 6-amino-5-nitroso-uracil (AH), deprotonated 6-amino-3-methyl-5-nitroso-uracil (BH) and neutral 6-amino-1-methyl-5--nitroso-uracil (CH) have been prepared and their thermal behaviour studied by TG and DSC techniques: CdA2 · 3 H2O, CdB2 · 2 H2O, CdB2 and CdCl2(CH)2 · 2 H2O.Dehydration processes of these complexes take place in only one step and the enthalpy values associated with them are comprised in the 42.7–80.5 kJ · mole–1 H2O range. The pyrolytic reactions finish in the 630–900 C temperature range, remaining as final residue in the case of CdA2 · 3 H2O, CdB2 · 2 H2O and CdB2 complexes, cadmium oxide. The pyrolytic decomposition of CdCl2(CH)2 · 2 H2O complex does not yield any residue, due to the elimination of cadmium chloride.
Zusammenfassung Folgende Cadmium(II)-Komplexe von deprotoniertem 6-Amino-5-nitrosouracil (AH), deprotoniertem 6-Amino-3-methyl-5-nitroso-uracil (BH) und neutralem 6-Amino-1-methyl-5-nitroso-uracil (CH) wurden hergestellt: CdA2 · 3 H2O, CdB2· 2 H2O, CdB2 und CdCl2(CH)2 · 2 H2O. Das thermische Verhalten dieser Komplexe wurde mittels TG und DSC untersucht. Die Dehydratisierung der Komplexe verlÄuft in nur einem Schritt. Die Enthalpiewerte für diese Prozesse liegen im Bereich von 42.7–80.5 kJ · mol–1 H2O. Die pyrolytischen Reaktionen verlaufen im Temperaturbereich von 630–900C zu Ende, wobei im Falle der Komplexe CdA2 · 3 H2O, CdB2 · 2 H2O und CdB2 Cadmiumoxid als Rückstand zurückbleibt. Die pyroytische Zersetzung von CdCl2(CH)2 · 2 H2O verlÄuft wegen der Flüchtigkeit von CdCl2 rückstandslos.
CdA2 · 3 H2O, CdB2 · 2 H2O, CdB2 CdCl2(CH)2 · 2 H2O, A — 6--5-, B — 6--3--5- CH — 6--1--5- . . 42.7–80.5 · –1. 630–900, . CdCl2(CH)2 · 2 H2O - , .相似文献