力学一题

一个边长为a的立方体,其密度p大于水的密度p水,将其放入一盛水容器内,使它正好被水浸没,如图一所示.松手后使该物体的一面沿容器些向下运动,初速度为零.试描述该物体的运动情况. 按照物体在水中的浮沉条件,只要 P>P水,物体就下沉.但值得注意的是,本题中物体的一面与容器壁相接触,两者之间无水渗入,故当物体在下沉过程中,在竖直方向除了受到向下的重力G和向上的浮力F以外,还受到物体与容器壁之间的摩擦力f,方向向上,如图二所示,而f是随着水对物体的水平压力N的增大而增大的,N又是随着深度的增加而增大的,故当物体运动到某一深度时,将停止…     

发散冷却叶片槽道内流动和传热的理论分析与试验

本文对发散冷却叶片槽道内气体的流动和传热作了理论分析,导出了有关的数学表达式,比较全面地考虑了影响槽道内热力参数改变的各种因素。试验表明:(1)在槽道内控流孔附近,已经不是一元流动,计算中引入修正是十分必要的;(2)按紊流管内放热强度的五倍来描述槽道内冷气与蒙皮间的放热已不适宜。文中的计算公式为叶片总体传热设计提供了方便。文中列出的试验数据可供设计同型发散叶片用。     

Storage and retrieval of ultraslow optical solitons in coherent atomic system

We investigate the propagation of intense probe pulses in a lifetime broadened Λ-type three-level atomic system with a configuration of electromagnetically induced transparency. We find that ultraslow optical solitons formed by a balance between dispersion and nonlinearity can be stored and retrieved in the system by switching off and on a control field. Such pulses are robust during storage and retrieval, and hence may have potential applications in optical and quantum information processing.     

Dependence of Crystal Quality and β Value on Synthesis Temperature in Growing Gem Diamond Crystals

High quality Ib gem diamond single crystals were synthesized in cubic anvil high-pressure apparatus （SPD- 6 × 1200） under 5.4GPa and 1230℃-1280℃. The （100） face of seed crystal was used as growth face, and Ni70Mn25Co5 alloy was used as solvent/catalyst. The dependence of crystal quality andβ value （the ratio of height to diameter of diamond crystal） on synthesis temperature was studied. When the synthesis temperature is between 1230℃ and 1280℃, theβ value of the synthetic high-quality gem diamond crystals is between 0.4 and 0.6. The results show that when theβ value is between 0.4 and O. 45, the synthetic diamonds are sheet-shape crystals; however, when theβ value is between 0.45 and 0.6, the synthetic diamonds are tower-shape crystals. In addition, when theβ value is less than 0.4, skeleton crystals will appear. When theβ value is more than 0.6, most of the synthetic diamond crystals are inferior crystals.     

构建实验问题整合探究教学模式 培养学生物理核心素养

首先,根据物理核心素养培养目标和高中物理实验复习教学特点,构建基于物理核心素养培养的实验问题整合探究教学模式;其次,给出实验问题整合探究教学模式实施策略;最后,结合具体教学实例阐述该教学模式实施的途径.     

以磷化铁为添加剂沿(111)面生长磷掺杂金刚石大单晶

掺杂是调控金刚石性能的一种重要手段。本文采用温度梯度法,在5.6 GPa、1 312 ℃的条件下,选用Fe₃P作为磷源进行磷掺杂金刚石大单晶的合成。金刚石样品的显微光学照片表明,随着Fe₃P添加比例的增加,金刚石晶体的颜色逐渐变深,包裹体数量逐渐增加,晶形由板状转变为塔状直至骸晶。金刚石晶形的变化表明Fe₃P的添加使生长金刚石的V形区向右偏移,这是Fe₃P改变触媒特性的缘故。红外光谱分析表明,Fe₃P的添加使金刚石晶体中氮含量上升,这说明磷的进入诱使氮原子更容易进入金刚石晶格中。激光拉曼光谱测试表明,随着Fe₃P添加比例的增加,所合成的掺磷金刚石的拉曼峰位变化不大,其半峰全宽(FWHM)值变大,这说明磷的进入使得金刚石晶格畸变增加。XPS测试结果显示,随着Fe₃P添加比例的增加,金刚石晶体中磷相对碳的原子百分含量也会增加,这意味着添加Fe₃P所合成的金刚石晶体中有磷存在。     

2-(5-取代苯氧甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-亚胺基)-5-(取代苯基亚甲基)-4- 噻唑啉酮的合成

以2-氨基-5-取代苯氧甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑(1)为起始原料, 合成了中间体2-氯乙酰氨基-5-取代苯氧甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑)-2-乙酰亚胺(2)和2-(5-取代苯氧甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-亚胺基)-4-噻唑啉酮(3), 化合物3进一步与取代苯甲醛发生类Knoevenagle缩合反应, 得到了一系列2-(5-取代苯氧甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-亚胺基)-5-(取代苯基亚甲基)-4-噻唑啉酮类化合物4a～4p. 目标化合物4a～4p的结构经IR, ¹H NMR和元素分析确证.     

高效液相色谱法测定人脑中的组胺

机体中许多细胞都能合成组胺。组胺与细胞增殖有关。由于不同生长状态的组织内组胺含量不同,而生长迅速的肿瘤组织往往含有较高浓度的组胺,因此组胺已成为辅助诊断恶性肿瘤的生化指标之一。近年来,国外对组胺的测定方法已有报道,但对于人脑中组胺的测定,国内外尚未见有报道。本文应用反相高效液相色谱法成功地测定了人脑中组胺的含量。     

己烷临氢异构化的复杂反应动力学网络

应用连续微反-色谱装置, 在反应温度为210-260℃, 反应压力为1.96MPa,H~2/乙烷摩尔比为8的条件下, 研究了己烷的五个异构体在载钯氢型丝光沸石催化剂上的临氢异构化反应动力学。结果表明, 在总压和H~2/己烷摩尔比恒定条件下,己烷的异构化动力学行为可以用拟一级复杂反应网络来描述。求取了该复杂反应网络中每一步异构化反应的速率常数, 各步反应的活化能在88.2-228kJ·mol^-^1之间。     

SOLITARY WAVES IN MARANGONI-BENARD CONVECTING FLUID

In this paper the evolution of nonlinear long surface waves in a Marangoni-Bénard convecting fluid is considered. The fluid system is bounded below by an isothermic plane and above a free deformable surface, on which a heat flux is fixed. We show that the nonlinear behavior of the long surface wave is governed by the Korteweg-de Vries equation when the Rayleigh number is near its critical value. A head-on collision between two solitary waves traveling from opposite directions is also investigated by use of the Poincaré-Lighthill-Kuo method. The results show that the solitary waves emerging from the collision can preserve their original identities to the second order. The phase shifts due to the collision are calculated analytically.