豪特曼斯:极富正义感而又幽默风趣的核物理学家

 在20 世纪众多的物理学精英中,人们可能对弗里茨·豪特曼斯(Fritz Houtermans,1903～1966)知之甚少,或者全然不知。为了将这位在核科学、天文学等领域均作出过杰出贡献且不畏强权、极富正义感的物理学大师,推向历史的前台,现拟就他极具传奇色彩的辉煌人生作一简要论述,以飨读者。     

基于分子转-振光谱精细结构的火焰温度遥测方法

燃烧火焰温度是固体推进剂等重要参数,本文研究了基于分子转-振光谱精细结构的火焰温度遥测方法.根据分子转-振光谱线的展宽机制,研究了分子谱线线型.结合朗伯-比耳吸收定律,去除谱线中心受大气低温气体吸收影响较大的数据点后,利用谱线两翼的数据点进行谱线线型拟合,利用分子转-振光谱精细结构温度遥测方法将经拟合修正后数据反演火焰...     

High-sensitivity temperature sensor based on Bragg grating in BDK-doped photosensitive polymer optical fiber

A single-mode polymer optical fiber (POF) with highly photosensitive core doped with benzil dimethyl ketal (BDK) is fabricated and used for writing Bragg grating through the two-beam interference method. The Bragg wavelength of the grating is about 1570 nm, while the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the reflection peak is 0.3 nm. The temperature response of POF Bragg grating is theoretically analyzed and experimentally measured in contrast to silica optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG). The result shows that the temperature character of POF Bragg grating is negative, which is opposite to the silica optical FBG. The absolute value of the temperature response of POF Bragg grating is one order of magnitude higher than that of the silica optical FBG, making POF Bragg grating appear to be very attractive for constructing temperature sensors with high resolution.     

Photoluminescence of an Yb3+/Al3+-codoped microstructured optical fibre

An Yb 3+ /Al 3+-codoped microstructured optical fibre is prepared based on photonic crystal fibre technology.The characteristic spectra of preforms and fibres are experimentally investigated.The results show that under a 971 nm excitation,besides the known infrared fluorescence luminescence around 1050 nm,a blue luminescence peak at 486 nm is obtained.Moreover,an unexpected emission peak at 730 nm is also observed.The photoluminescence mechanism of an Yb 3+ /Al 3+-codoped microstructured optical fibre is discussed.The emission peak at 486 nm is attributed to the cooperative upconversion resulting from pairs of Yb 3+ ions,and the emission peak around 730 nm is ascribed to the stimulated Raman scattering because of nonlinear effects of microstructured optical fibre.The Yb 3+ /Al 3+-codoped microstructured optical fibre is promising for varieties of applications from laser printing and optical recording to cancer treatments,such as photodynamic therapy.     

Spectroscopic investigations on NO＋（X1∑＋, a3∑＋, A1II） ion using multi-reference configuration interaction method and correlation-consistent sextuple basis set augmented with diffuse functions

Three low-lying electronic states （X1∑, a3∑＋, and A1II） of NO＋ ion are studied using the complete active space self-consistent-field （CASSCF） method followed by highly accurate valence internally contracted multi-reference configuration interaction （MRCI） approach in combination of the correlation-consistent sextuple basis set augmented with diffuse functions, aug-cc-pV6Z. The potential energy curves （PECs） of the NO＋（X1∑＋, a3∑＋, A1II） are calculated. Based on the PECs, the spectroscopic parameters Re, De, We, WeXe, ae, Be, and D0 are reproduced, which are in excellent agreement with the available measurements. By numerically solving the radial SchrSdinger equation of nuclear motion using the Numerov method, the first 20 vibrational levels, inertial rotation and centrifugal distortion constants of NO＋（X1∑＋, a3∑＋, A1II） ion are derived when the rotational quantum number J is equal to zero （J = 0） for the first time, which accord well with the available measurements. Finally, the analytical potential energy functions of these states are fitted, which are used to accurately derive the first 20 classical turning points when J = 0. These results are compared in detail with those of previous investigations reported in the literature.     

结构安全性设计的通用表达式

针对现行结构安全性设计表达式在灵活性、通用性、可靠度控制方面的缺陷以及国际标准中设计值法在实用性方面的不足,提出了结构安全性设计的通用表达式。根据计算可靠指标的JC法和作用的随机过程组合方法,建立了基本变量设计值与基本变量概率特性、目标可靠指标、设计使用年限之间的函数关系;将设计值表达为基准设计值与分项系数的乘积,给出了两者的计算公式;最后按此设计值的形式提出了结构安全性设计的通用表达式。对比分析表明通用表达式具有如下优点:可直接考虑基本变量概率特性、目标可靠指标、设计使用年限对设计结果的影响;可完整考虑各种不确定性的影响,包括作用效应分析中计算模式、相关结构性能不确定性的影响;在各分项系数中可全面反映目标可靠指标的影响,更好地实现对可靠度的控制;可合理设置不同基本变量的设计使用年限系数;可统一作用、抗力代表值的取值方法,提高设计人员调整分项系数的可行性。研究结果为建立结构安全性设计的通用方法提供了参考。     

钴、钛原子激发态光电离研究

本文报道紫外区钛和钴原子共振增强多光子电离(REMPI)谱和激发态绝对光电离截面。实验上通过激光烧蚀金属样品制备中性原子,由飞行时间质谱仪检测离子产物,在298-351nm范围扫描激光波长,得到钛原子和钴原子共振增强多光子电离谱;并根据共振离子信号强度与电离激光通量关系得到原子激发态的绝对光电离截面,这些激发态电离截面的实验值在0.5-4 Mb。     

抑制细光束发散或衍射的途径

本文通过计算分析和理论证明,提出从光源出光功率分布和传播介质两方面抑制细光束发散或衍射的途经,原理实验证明这些途径是可行的,可以充分满足实际使用要求。     

高速3D-DIC测试技术在装甲钢贯穿试验中的应用

数字图像相关（digital image correlation, DIC）技术作为一种非接触、非干涉的全场无损光学量测技术,可获取材料表面的动态变形信息和破坏过程。为了评估装甲钢的抗弹性能并探索高速三维数字图像相关（3D-DIC）技术在钢板贯穿试验测试中的应用,基于氢氧爆轰驱动弹道枪开展了7发15 mm口径可变形弹体以不同速度（255～568 m/s）冲击不同厚度（5、8和10 mm）高强高硬装甲钢板的试验,并结合帧率为144 000 s?1的高速3D-DIC测试技术获取了靶板的离面位移和应变时程。随后,基于前期标定并验证的装甲钢本构模型参数,对上述试验进行了数值模拟。通过对比弹体残余速度和长度验证了有限元分析方法的可靠性。进一步通过对比试验与数值模拟得到的靶背离面位移时程曲线和不同时刻靶背的应变云图,验证了高速3D-DIC测试结果的准确性。最后,对比分析了靶板最大离面位移与弹体冲击速度和装甲钢板厚度的关系。高速3D-DIC测试技术的应用可为相关试验测试提供参考,靶板最大离面位移分析结果可为屏障类防护结构的分析验证和优化设计提供试验依据。     

一类Benney-Kawahara-Lin方程的孤波解

基于计算机代数系统,研究了一类Benney-Kawahara-Lin方程,利用行波变换法给出了它的一类孤波解,并分析了所得解的物理意义.