Icephobic performance on the aluminum foil-based micro-/nanostructured surface

The research of superhydrophobic materials has attracted many researchers' attention due to its application value and prospects.In order to expand the serviceable range,people have investigated various superhydrophobic materials.The simple and easy preparation method has become the focus for superhydrophobic materials.In this paper,we present a program for preparing a rough surface on an aluminum foil,which possesses excellent hydrophobic properties after the treatment with low surface energy materials at high vacuum.The resulting contact angle is larger than 160° and the droplet cannot freeze on the surface above-10 ℃.Meanwhile,the modified aluminum foil with the thickness of less than 100 μm can be used as an ideal flexible applied material for superhydrophobicity/anti-icing.     

二维带电自旋-1/2费米气体的磁性质

通过引入描述电荷-磁场和自旋-磁场相互作用竞争关系的自旋因子,研究了磁场和简谐势阱双重约束的二维带电自旋-1/2费米气体的磁性质.结果表明,当自旋因子很小时,系统显示出抗磁性,随着自旋因子的进一步增大,系统逐渐转变为顺磁性.自旋因子的临界值将磁化强度划分为抗磁性区和顺磁性区,临界值随磁场和温度的增大仅发生微小的改变.     

溴化镧闪烁体探测器性能及应用研究

LaBr3(Ce)探测器是一种新型闪烁体探测器,具有高光产额,高探测效率,高时间和空间分辨率,高能量分辨率,温度特性良好,抗辐射性能良好,操作简便等优点.从2001年以来,该探测器得到了迅速的研究和应用.LaBr3(Ce)探测器在核共振荧光检测、瞬发γ中子活化分析、爆炸物检测、核医学成像、环境辐射监测、空间辐射探测等方面的应用研究中取得了非常良好的效果.该探测器表现出优于以往用于这些领域的探测器的性能(例如NaI(Tl)探测器、BGO探测器、HPGe探测器等).介绍了LaBr3(Ce)探测器的性能及其应用研究进展,对代表性文献进行了简析和综述,阐明了其良好的应用前景.     

基于等离激元增强拉曼光谱的便携式快速检测仪设计与实现

用于食品安全、环境污染、毒品、化学战剂检测等的现场快速检测要求检测设备便携、快速和准确。目前的常规实验室检测方法虽然能够实现准确检测,但是其实时性较差,无法满足现场快速检测的要求。因此,设计开发了基于等离激元增强拉曼光谱的便携式快速检测仪,能够实现对滥用添加剂、违禁食品添加剂、农药残余、毒品、化学战剂和环境水污染等大量有害物质的现场快速定性检测。该检测仪基于ARM嵌入式系统开发,编写了其操作交互界面和底层驱动程序,实现了拉曼光谱数据自动标定和特征谱图快速识别等算法。在仪器中搭建了检测物质拉曼光谱的标谱数据库,数据库根据检测科目进行分类,每种科目包含该类别的多种物质,每种物质均包含其高中低多种浓度的标准品和样本谱图。设计实现了大类科目的辨识比对算法和GPU硬件加速算法,实现了对某一类科目的所有物质的快速比对,与传统的纯CPU算法实现相比较,在辨识速度上提高了20倍以上。通过市场购买的功能饮料、违规葡萄酒与果汁等实际样品对所制备的样机仪器进行测试,测试结果符合预期,具有良好的灵敏度与重现性,满足了现场快速检测的要求。     

半导体聚合物量子点-亚甲基蓝荧光能量转移体系测定水中Bi~(3+)

基于半导体聚合物量子点和亚甲基蓝间的荧光共振能量转移构筑了一种铋离子荧光探针。亚甲蓝通过静电作用吸附到半导体聚合物量子点表面使其荧光发生猝灭。铋离子存在时,由于它与半导体聚合物量子点的结合力强于亚甲蓝,使体系的能量转移得到抑制,荧光恢复。在最优化条件下,线性范围为0~0.5%mol/L(R=0.995 5),最低检出限为16 nmol/L。该方法成功用于湖水中的Bi3+测定,结果令人满意。     

Accuracy and effectiveness of self-gating signals in free-breathing three-dimensional cardiac cine magnetic resonance imaging

Conventional multiple breath-hold two-dimensional(2D) balanced steady-state free precession(SSFP) presents many difficulties in cardiac cine magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). Recently, a self-gated free-breathing three-dimensional(3D) SSFP technique has been proposed as an alternative in many studies. However, the accuracy and effectiveness of selfgating signals have been barely studied before. Since self-gating signals are crucially important in image reconstruction, a systematic study of self-gating signals and comparison with external monitored signals are needed.Previously developed self-gated free-breathing 3D SSFP techniques are used on twenty-eight healthy volunteers. Both electrocardiographic(ECG) and respiratory bellow signals are also acquired during the scan as external signals. Self-gating signal and external signal are compared by trigger and gating window. Gating window is proposed to evaluate the accuracy and effectiveness of respiratory self-gating signal. Relative deviation of the trigger and root-mean-square-deviation of the cycle duration are calculated. A two-tailed paired t-test is used to identify the difference between self-gating and external signals. A Wilcoxon signed rank test is used to identify the difference between peak and valley self-gating triggers.The results demonstrate an excellent correlation(P = 0, R 0.99) between self-gating and external triggers. Wilcoxon signed rank test shows that there is no significant difference between peak and valley self-gating triggers for both cardiac(H = 0, P 0.10) and respiratory(H = 0, P 0.44) motions. The difference between self-gating and externally monitored signals is not significant(two-tailed paired-sample t-test: H = 0, P 0.90).The self-gating signals could demonstrate cardiac and respiratory motion accurately and effectively as ECG and respiratory bellow. The difference between the two methods is not significant and can be explained. Furthermore, few ECG trigger errors appear in some subjects while these errors are not found in self-gating signals.     

MIRD体模肺部γ内污染探测效率分布的蒙特卡罗模拟

运用MCNP5程序,建立了基于MIRD数字体模的肺部γ内污染模型以及NaI(Tl)探测器模型,模拟计算了NaI(Tl)探测器对基于MIRD数字体模的肺部γ内污染的探测效率,获得了在多种空间位置上对沉积在肺部的9 种能量 射线的探测效率。模拟结果表明,在不同位置的探测效率并不完全符合人体肺部的解剖学结构,在右下肺位置可获得最高的探测效率,左下肺次之,左上肺最低。在探测器位置固定的情况下,探测效率随能量的增加,有先增高后降低的现象。In order to obtain detection efficiencies of nine kinds of gamma rays emitted by isotopes deposited in lungs at various measurement geometry, Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code 5 (MCNP5) has been employed to for calculation. The results show that the detection efficiency in different locations of lung is not completely accord with human body’s anatomy structure. The efficiency decreases gradually from lower-right lung, to lowerleft lung, and then to upper-left lung. When the location of detector is fixed, with the increase of energy, thedetection efficiency rises up firstly and then falls down.     

中学化学教学中促进学生认识发展的问题设置有效性研究——以“基于代表物学习铁及其化合物的性质”为例

以"基于代表物硫酸亚铁学习铁及其化合物的性质"这一课题的2个不同案例的对比, 探讨在新课程背景下设置有效问题在促进学生认识发展方面的重要性。在此基础上对什么是有效问题、如何设置有效问题、教师通过何种方式呈现问题等进行了初步探讨。     

北京师范大学“中学化学教学设计与实践”课程及发展

介绍了北京师范大学的一门针对化学师范生职前教育训练的实践类课程——“中学化学教学设计与实践”,主要包括该课程的特色和发展历程.以实际班级授课为例详细介绍了常规的一对一指导教学模式,以及结合网络课程进行线上和线下同步教学的模式.另外,介绍了该门课的2种网络课型,即“爱课程网”的精品资源共享课和“京师在线”网上的MOOC课的课程框架和课程资源.     

基础化学教育课程改革10年进展与反思(上)

1999年8月中国第8次基础教育课程改革全面启动,教育部成立初、高中化学课程标准研制组,开始研制课程标准,2001年教育部颁布《全日制义务教育化学课程标准(实验稿)》,38个地市成为首批国家级新课程实验区……至今,以新课程为代表的21世纪中国基础化学教育课程改革走进第10个年头。笔者亲身经历并全程参与了这一改革的过程,试图从新课程的课标设计形态、教材物化形态、教学实施形态和考试评价形态等角度较系统全面地回顾中学化学课程改革取得的进展,反思改革中的经验与问题,展望课程改革的发展方向。