Stability of implicit schemes on nonuniform grids

Implicit finite-difference approximations of the quasilinear conservation law are considered. Issues of stability and convergence are discussed, and an accuracy bound is obtained.Translated from Matematicheskie Modeli Estestvoznaniya, Published by Moscow University, Moscow, 1995, pp. 157–161.     

Destruction of a metastable string by particle collisions

We calculate the probability of destruction of a metastable string by collisions of the Goldstone bosons, corresponding to the transverse waves on the string. We find a general formula that allows to determine the probability of the string breakup by a collision of arbitrary number of the bosons. We find that the destruction of a metastable string takes place only in collisions of even number of the bosons, and we explicitly calculate the energy dependence of such process in a two-particle collision for an arbitrary relation between the energy and the largest infrared scale in the problem, the length of the critical gap in the string.     

Neutrino scattering on atomic electrons in searches for the neutrino magnetic moment

The scattering of a neutrino on atomic electrons is considered in the situation where the energy transferred to the electrons is comparable to the characteristic atomic energies, as relevant to the current experimental search for the neutrino magnetic moment. The process is induced by the standard electroweak interaction as well as by the possible neutrino magnetic moment. Quantum-mechanical sum rules are derived for the inclusive cross section at a fixed energy deposited in the atomic system, and it is shown that the differential over the energy transfer cross section is given, modulo very small corrections, by the same expression as for free electrons, once all possible final states of the electronic system are taken into account. Thus, the atomic effects effectively cancel in the inclusive process.     

Metallization of liquid iodine under high pressure

Abstract

In molten iodine two transitions accompanied by a large increase of conductivity (σ) were found under pressure between 3 and 4 GPa.

During the first transition a increases by approximately 10′ times, the volume changing very slightly or remaining constant. During the second transition a increases by 2-10 times and then is accompanied by a decrease of volume.     

Hadro-charmonium

We argue that relatively compact charmonium states, J/ψ$J/\psi$, ψ(2S)$\psi (2S)$, χc${\chi }_c$, can very likely be bound inside light hadronic matter, in particular inside higher resonances made from light quarks and/or gluons. The charmonium state in such binding essentially retains its properties, so that the bound system decays into light mesons and the particular charmonium resonance. Thus such bound states of a new type, which we call hadro-charmonium, may explain the properties of some of the recently observed resonant peaks, in particular of Y(4.26)$Y(4.26)$, Y(4.32–4.36)$Y(4.32\text{–}4.36)$, Y(4.66)$Y(4.66)$, and Z(4.43)$Z(4.43)$. We discuss further possible implications of the suggested picture for the observed states and existence of other states of hadro-charmonium and hadro-bottomonium.     

Specific Features of Distribution and Relaxation of Elastic Stresses in Homoepitaxial CVD Films of Germanium and Diamond

Crystallography Reports - The real structures of epitaxial CVD films of germanium and diamond have been comparatively analyzed. The influence of the specific features of elastic-stress distribution...     

Morphological effects in liquid phase epitaxy (The C8H5O4K-C8H5O4Rb-H2O system)

The results of the complex study of the morphology and defect state of the crystals of the isomorphous potassium acid phthalate-rubidium acid phthalate (KAP-RbAP) series formed in aqueous solutions are presented. The crystals are characterized by heteroepitaxial porous and solid textures formed as a result of the exchange reaction between the crystals and solution. The interaction of the KAP and RbAP crystals with saturated RbAP and KAP aqueous solutions is studied both in situ and in vitro under optical and atomic force microscopes. The results obtained are used to create a theoretical model of formation of characteristic morphological textures in liquid phase epitaxy, including their formation from the aqueous solutions of the respective salts.     

Refinement of the atomic structure of specimens cut out from different growth pyramids of a K(H0.052D0.948)2 PO4 single crystal

The structures of two crystalline specimens cut out from the pyramidal and prismatic growth sectors of a K(H_0.052D_0.948)₂PO₄ single crystal have been studied by diffuse neutron scattering and precision diffuse X-ray scattering. Diffuse scattering is concentrated in the vicinity of the Bragg reflections and is practically the same in specimens cut out from different growth sectors of a single crystal. X-ray diffraction analysis using the extinction parameters provided the establishment of a higher perfection of the specimen cut out from the prismatic growth sector. The precision X-ray studies revealed different configurations of hydrogen bonds in the specimens.     

Growth of single crystals of NaH2PO4 (NaDP), NaH2PO4 · H2O (NaDP · H2O), and NaH2PO4 · 2H2O (NaDP · 2H2O) sodium dihydrogenphosphate based on the analysis of the Na2O-P2O5-H2O phase diagram

The crystallization conditions for the NaH₂PO₄, NaH₂PO₄ · H₂O, and NaH₂PO₄ · 2H₂O solid phases have been established from the analysis of the phase diagram of solubility of the ternary Na₂O-P₂O₅-H₂O system in the temperature range from 0 to 100°C. Based on these data, the methods for growing sodium dihydrogenphosphate single crystals of the above compositions are developed. The initial components for preparing mother solutions were H₃PO₄ and NaOH solutions taken in certain weight ratios. For the first time, NaDP, NaDP · H₂O, and NaDP · 2H₂O single crystals were grown on a seed by the method of temperature decrease. The habits of the NaDP and NaDP · H₂O single crystals are determined. __________ Translated from Kristallografiya, Vol. 47, No. 5, 2002, pp. 937–944. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2002 by Soboleva, Voloshin.     

Synthesis and photochemical and magnetic properties of Cr,Mn, Fe,and Co complexes based on the 1-{(1′,3′,3′-trimethylspiro[2<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>-1-benzopyran-2,2′-indolin]-8-yl)methyl}pyridinium cation

Paramagnetic (tris)oxalates with the composition (SP)₃M(C₂O₄)₃·4H₂O (M = Cr (2), Mn (3), Fe (4), and Co (5)) were synthesized for the first time based on the spiropyran salt SP⁺Br⁻ (1) with the SP⁺ cation containing the pyridine ring in the aliphatic chain of the benzopyran moiety, which was also prepared in the present study. According to X-ray diffraction data, the SP⁺ cations in the starting salt 1 are close-packed thus hindering photochromic transformations. The spin for paramagnet 4 is 5/2, which corresponds to the Fe^III atom in the high-spin state, the spin of the system remaining unchanged under UV irradiation. In complex 3, a crossover from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic correlations was observed after the replacement of the inorganic cation with the organic spiropyran cation. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1424–1432, July, 2008.