Electro–magnetic control of shear flow over a cylinder for drag reduction and lift enhancement

In this paper, the electro-magnetic control of a cylinder wake in shear flow is investigated numerically. The effects of the shear rate and Lorentz force on the cylinder wake, the distribution of hydrodynamic force, and the drag/lift phase diagram are discussed in detail. It is revealed that Lorentz force can be classified into the field Lorentz force and the wall Lorentz force and they affect the drag and lift forces independently. The drag/lift phase diagram with a shape of ＂8＂ consists of two closed curves, which correspond to the halves of the shedding cycle dominated by the upper and lower vortices respectively. The free stream shear （K 〉 0） induces the diagram to move downward and leftward, so that the average lift force directs toward the downside. With the upper Lorentz force, the diagram moves downwards and to the right by the field Lorentz force, thus resulting in the drag increase and the lift reduction, whereas it moves upward and to the left by the wall Lorentz force, leading to the drag reduction and the lift increase. Finally the diagram is dominated by the wall Lorentz force, thus moving upward and leftward. Therefore the upper Lorentz force, which enhances the lift force, can be used to overcome the lift loss due to the free stream shear, which is also obtained in the experiment.     

A GEANT4 simulation study of BESⅢ endcap TOF upgrade

A GEANT4-based Monte-Carlo (MC) model is developed to study the performance of endcap time-of-flight (ETOF) at BESⅢ. It's found that the multiple scattering effects, mainly from the materials at the MDC endcap, can cause multi-hit on the ETOF's readout cell and significantly influence the timing property of ETOF. A multi-gap resistive plate chamber (MRPC) with a smaller readout cell structure is more suitable for the ETOF detector due to significantly reduced multi-hit rate (per channel), from 71.5% for currently-used scintillator-based ETOF to 21.8% or 16.7% for MRPC-based ETOF, depending on the readout pad size used. The timing performance of an MRPC ETOF is also improved. These simulation results suggest and guide an ETOF upgrade effort at BESⅢ.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定食用菌中微量元素的方法研究

采用高压硝化罐在较低温度下进行缓慢样品消化,减少了消化过程中微量元素的损失。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定了食用菌中Ca,Na,K,Mg,Mn,Ba,Fe,Co,Ge和Cu等多种微量元素的含量。高压硝化罐法测定各元素的相对标准偏差在0·16%～2·86%之间,湿法测定各元素的相对标准偏差在0·33%～3·49%之间。可见高压硝化罐法处理样品的测量精密度和湿法处理样品的测量精密度均比较好,前者的测量精密度更高一些。对高压硝化罐法和湿法处理样品的测量结果进行了t检验,t值在0·0024～2·473,均小于t0·99,9(3·25),说明两种方法的测量结果无显著性差异,即两种方法不存在系统误差。同时,高压硝化罐法处理样品的回收率在96·6%～103%之间,该方法具有简便、快速、灵敏、稳定、准确等优点,适于食用菌中微量元素的分析测定。     

氧压对SrTiO3和SrNb0.2Ti0.8O3薄膜晶格参数的影响及激光感生热电电压效应

采用脉冲激光沉积技术制备了SrTiO3和SrNb0.2Ti0.8O3薄膜.X射线衍射分析表明在LaAlO3(100)单晶平衬底上生长的SrTiO3及SrNb0.2Ti0.8O3薄膜是沿[001]取向的近外延生长.随着氧压在一定范围内逐渐增大,SrTiO3薄膜的晶格参数减小,而SrNb0.2Ti0.8O3薄膜的晶格参数先减小后增大.同时摸索出制备具有二维电子气超晶格(SrTiO3/SrNb0.2Ti0.8O3).的最佳氧压为1.0×10-2Pa.另外在LaAlO3(100)倾斜衬底上制备的SrNb0.2Ti0.8O3薄膜中观察到激光感生热电电压效应.     

基于气泵的声管实验及分析

为研究声管的发声频率，进行了实验设计和分析.声管转动发声是由于空气在声管中的流动，考虑实际的实验条件，设计了气泵吹气代替声管转动的实验方式，改变吹气速率并测量发声频率.通过对实验结果的分析发现，此时的声管不符合两端开口即两端为波腹的条件，而是一端波节、一端波腹.声管的发声频率取决于其长度，符合驻波特性，发声时吹气速率与波纹长度须满足共振条件.研究结果有助于对驻波的理解和相关内容的实验设计.     

Simulation study on cooperation behaviors and crowd dynamics in pedestrian evacuation

Pedestrian evacuation is actually a process of behavioral evolution. Interaction behaviors between pedestrians affect not only the evolution of their cooperation strategy, but also their evacuation paths-scheduling and dynamics features. The existence of interaction behaviors and cooperation evolution is therefore critical for pedestrian evacuation. To address this issue, an extended cellular automaton(CA) evacuation model considering the effects of interaction behaviors and cooperation evolution is proposed here. The influence mechanism of the environment factor and interaction behaviors between neighbors on the decision-making of one pedestrian to path scheduling is focused. Average payoffs interacting with neighbors are used to represent the competitive ability of one pedestrian, aiming to solve the conflicts when more than one pedestrian competes for the same position based on a new method. Influences of interaction behaviors, the panic degree and the conflict cost on the evacuation dynamics and cooperation evolution of pedestrians are discussed. Simulation results of the room evacuation show that the interaction behaviors between pedestrians to a certain extent are beneficial to the evacuation efficiency and the formation of cooperation behaviors as well. The increase of conflict cost prolongs the evacuation time. Panic emotions of pedestrians are bad for cooperation behaviors of the crowd and have complex effects on evacuation time. A new self-organization effect is also presented.     

Synthesis Mediated by Zirconium,Crystal Structure and Theoretical Studies on Six-substituted Benzene with Silalactone Structure and Butadiene Derivative

A novel method for the synthesis of novel silalactone was proposed by iodation and zirconium-mediated cycloaddition of alkynes. 1,1-Dimethyl-4-carboxylatethyl-6,7-diphenyl-5-(trimethylsilyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzo[c][1,2]oxasilol-3(1 H)-one(compound 1) was obtained and characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. It belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P2_1/n with a = 12.706(3), b = 10.826(2), c = 19.407(4) ?, β = 91.50(3)°, V = 2668.4(9) ?~3, Z = 4, F(000) = 1004, D_c = 1.182 mg/m~3, μ = 0.162 mm~(-1), T = 293(2) K, S = 1.129, R = 0.0868 and wR = 0.1607 for 3542 observed reflections with I 2σ(I). The butadiene derivative, 3,6-di(2-methylphenyl)-4,5-diethylocta-3,5-diene(compound 2), was synthesized by zirconacyclopentadiene and aryl iodides in the presence of Cu Cl and Pd(PPh3)4. It was characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction for the first time, belonging to the monoclinic system, space group C2/c with a = 19.015(4), b = 7.7697(16), c = 15.298(3) ?, β = 98.24(3)°, V = 2236.8(8) ?~3, Z = 8, F(000) = 760, D_c = 1.029 mg/m~3, μ = 0.057 mm~(-1), T = 293(2) K, S = 1.100, R = 0.0673 and wR = 0.1391 for 1302 observed reflections with I 2σ(I).     

钙伯三醇的关键中间体——麦角甾烷-5，7（E），10（19）-三烯-6（S）-二氧化硫的合成

麦角甾烷-5,7(E),10(19),22(E)-四烯-6(S)-二氧化硫(1)经臭氧化反应合成了钙伯三醇(MC903)的重要中间体--麦角甾烷-5,7(E),10(19)-三烯-6(S)-二氧化硫(2),其结构经1H NMR和13C NMR表征.较佳的臭氧化反应条件为:1 1.0 mmol,溶剂为V(二氯甲烷):V(甲醇)=4:1,于-65℃～-78℃反应12 min.在此条件下,2中醛基α-位的差相异构化降至最低程度,产率90%.对差相异构化的机理进行了讨论.     

产业集群创新能力评价模型的比较研究

针对产业集群创新能力评价的一些复杂方法,以文献中的基于BP神经网络的产业集群创新能力评价模型作为比较对象,提出了两种评价模型:组合评价模型和主成分指数模型.前者将变异系数法和Topsis法组合使用,用以评价产业集群创业能力;后者则是对所有参评样本的评价指标进行主成分分析,以主成分的方差贡献率为权重,构建主成分综合指数,从而形成产业集群创新能力的综合评价指数模型.对这两个模型用来自比较对象模型的同一数据进行了验证,三个模型都得出了非常相近的结果,而这两种模型更具可操作性且易于解释,这两者相比,主成分分析的方法则更为简单易行.     

关于拟概率测度的收敛理论

本文研究了拟概率空间上收敛概念之间的关系这一问题.利用类比的方法,在拟概率空间上提出了一些新的关于拟-随机变量的收敛概念并讨论了这些收敛概念之间的关系,获得了模糊测度下的收敛理论,推广了关于经典测度的收敛概念.