非离子胶束对竹红菌乙素及其溴代物基态和激发态的保护作用

本文用Triton X-100非离子型胶束增溶竹红菌乙素(HB)及其两种溴代物(5-Br-HB,5,8-diBr-H8),发现该胶束对HB的基态和激发态都有保护作用:(1)HB基态的ρK_a值升高;(2)荧光量子产率增大。这使其光敏反应产生的活性中间体¹O₂和·OH的产额增加,从而增强了其光敏活性,实验还发现,这种胶束对HB的两种溴代物的激发态亦有保护作用,且强于HB,这导致它们O₂和·OH的产额显著高于HB.¹O₂和·OH产额的提高,在光敏损伤作用中具有重要的生物学意义。     

胶体半导体表面光还原反应动力学的ESR研究──I.ZnS、CdS光还原效率的ESR研究

用电子自旋共振(ESR)法以4-氧-2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶酮(4-oxo-TEMPO)作为电子受体,研究了ZnS和CdS胶体表面光还原效率的差异,发现在本实验体系中胶体表面光还原对于底物是零级反应,其原因可能是由于胶体的吸附作用使得4-oxo-TEMPO在胶体表面处于饱和状态。测得的反应动力学常数能够定量地表示胶体半导体光还原效率的差异。实验结果表明,由于吸收光谱范围的限制,ZnS胶体在不同波长光照下以及ZnS和CdS胶体在同样光照下的光还原效率均不相同。     

光外差-塞曼调制磁旋转光谱技术的线型研究

光外差－塞曼调制磁旋光谱技术是一种高灵敏的吸收光谱技术。它同时对激光频率和样品的塞曼效应进行调制,然后通过双解调来提取微弱的光谱信号。文内导出了该信号的数学表达式,并对影响线型和灵敏度的多种物理参数进行了分析,获得了与实验相符合的结果。     

用微扰硬球链理论计算超临界CO-2-溶质二元系的密度

溶质在超临界流体中的溶解度与流体的密度密切相关。本文采用微扰硬球链理论对纯CO2及CO2-正戊烷、CO2-正庚烷、CO2-正癸烷体系在不同条件下的密度进行计算,计算值与文献给出的实验值符合很好。     

A new technique for measuring retrograde vitrification in polymer–gas systems and for making ultramicrocellular foams from the retrograde phase

A stepwise temperature‐ and pressure‐scanning thermal analysis method was developed to measure glass‐transition temperature T_g in the two‐phase polymer–gas systems as a function of gas pressure p, and was used to confirm recent theoretical predictions that certain polymer–gas systems exhibit retrograde vitrification, that is, they undergo rubber‐to‐glass transition on heating. A complete T_g‐p profile delineating the glass–rubber phase envelope was established for the PMMA‐CO₂ system. The retrograde vitrification behavior observed, where at certain gas pressures the polymer exists in the rubbery state at low and high temperatures and in the glassy state at intermediate temperatures, was similar to that reported previously based on the creep‐compliance measurements. The existence of the rubbery state at low temperatures was used to generate foams by saturating the polymer with CO₂ at 34 atm and at temperatures in the range −0.2 to 24 °C followed by foaming at temperatures in the range 24 to 90 °C. Foams with very fine cell structure never reported before could be prepared by this technique. For example, PMMA foams with average cell size of 0.35 μm and cell density of 4.4 × 10¹³ cells/g were prepared by processing the low temperature rubbery phase. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 716–725, 2000     

Vibration isolation characteristics of a nonlinear isolator using Euler buckled beam as negative stiffness corrector: A theoretical and experimental study

This paper concerns the vibration isolation characteristics of a nonlinear isolator using Euler buckled beams as negative stiffness corrector. Both analytical and experimental studies are carried out. The Harmonic Balance Method (HBM) is used to determine the primary resonance response for the single degree of freedom (SDOF) nonlinear system composed by a loaded mass and the nonlinear isolator. The distuning of the loaded mass is taken into consideration, resulting in a Helmoholtz–Duffing equation. The performance of the nonlinear isolator is evaluated by the defined two kinds of transmissibility and compared with that of the linear isolator without the stiffness corrector. The study shows that the asymmetric SDOF nonlinear system can behave like a purely softening, a softening–hardening or a purely hardening system, depending on the magnitude of the excitation level. An experimental apparatus is set up to validate the analytical results. The transmissibility results of the SDOF nonlinear system under base excitation with both discrete sinusoidal frequencies and slowly forward and backward sweeps are given and discussed. The complex jump phenomena under different excitation levels are identified. By introducing the stiffness corrector, the starting frequency of isolation of the nonlinear isolator is found to be lower than that of the linear one with the same support capacity. The proposed nonlinear isolator performs well in applications where the excitation amplitude is not too large.     

A 515-nm laser-pumped idler-resonant femtosecond BiB3O6 optical parametric oscillator

We report on an idler-resonant femtosecond optical parametrical oscillator(OPO)based on BiB₃O₆(BiBO)crystal,synchronously pumped by a frequency-doubled,mode-locked Yb:KGW laser at 515 nm.The idler wavelengths of OPO can be tuned from 1100 nm to 1540 nm.At a repetition rate of 75.5 MHz,the OPO generates as much as 400 mW of idler power with 3.1 W of pump power,the corresponding pulse duration is 80 fs,which is 1.04 times of Fourier transform-limited(FTL)pulse duration at 1305 nm.In addition,the OPO exhibits excellent beam quality with M²<1.8 at 1150 nm.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first idler-resonant femtosecond OPO pumped by 515 nm.     

Organocatalytic asymmetric 1,4-addition of aldehydes to acridiniums catalyzed by a diarylprolinol silyl ether

The organocatalytic enantioselective 1,4-addition of aldehydes to acridiniums catalyzed by diarylprolinol silyl ether was achieved to furnish chiral acridanes in both high yields (82-96%) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee), which also provides the highly enantioselective intermolecular α-alkylation of aldehydes with acridiniums salt.     

Multiphase fluid dynamics and transport processes of low capillary number cavitating flows

To better understand the multiphase fluid dynamics and associated transport processes of cavitating flows at the capillary number of 0.74 and 0.54, and to validate the numerical results, a combined computational and experimental investigation of flows around a hydrofoil is studied based on flow visualizations and time-resolved interface movement. The computational model is based on a modified RNG k-ε model as turbulence closure, along with a vapor-liquid mass transfer model for treating the cavitation process. Overall, favorable agreement between the numerical and experimental results is observed. It is shown that the cavi- tation structure depends on the interaction of the water-vapor mixture and the vapor among the whole cavitation stage, the interface between the vapor and the two-phase mixture exhibits substantial unsteadiness. And, the adverse motion of the interface relates to pressure and velocity fluctuations inside the cavity. In particular, the velocity in the vapor region is lower than that in the two-phase region.     

基于快速Fourier变换的可靠性分析方法

提出了一种用于非线性隐式功能函数可靠性分析的快速Fourier变换方法.首先利用高效多维数值积分方法或基于响应面法的卷积积分求解功能函数的分布函数的特征函数,也就是进行Fourier正变换;然后利用快速Fourier逆变换数值求解功能函数的概率密度函数,进而求得失效概率.给出的算例表明此法具有精度和计算效率较高的优点.